大数据环境下的城市公共安全治理:区块链技术赋能

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2021.02.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为弥补传统城市公共安全治理体系的不足,解决治理过程中数据孤岛、数据安全、信任缺失、公众参与不足等问题,从大数据和区块链相结合的视角出发,在分析区块链概念和基本特征的基础上,探讨区块链与城市公共安全治理在主体、理念、技术、目标上的契合性,进而提出基于区块链的城市公共安全数据治理流程,设计出相应的数据治理技术框架和体系框架。研究表明:区块链与城市公共安全治理有着较高的契合性,大数据与区块链的结合能够促进城市公共安全治理体系创新,提升公共治理现代化水平。

关键词: 大数据, 城市公共安全, 区块链, 数据治理, 技术框架, 体系框架

Abstract: In order to make up for deficiencies of traditional urban public safety governance system and address problems of data isolation, data safety, lack of trust and insufficient public participation in governance process, from a combined perspective of big data and block chain, compatibility of the latter and urban public safety governance in subjects, concepts, technologies and goals was discussed after analyzing concept and basic characteristics of block chain. Then, governance procedure of urban public safety data based on block chain was put forward, and corresponding technical framework and system framework were designed. The results show that block chain and urban public safety governance are highly consistent, and a combination of big data and block chain can promote innovation of governance system and improve modernization of public governance.

Key words: big data, urban public safety, block chain, data governance, technology framework, system framework

中图分类号:

X915.2

石娟, 郑鹏, 常丁懿. 大数据环境下的城市公共安全治理:区块链技术赋能[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2021, 31(2): 24-32.

SHI Juan, ZHENG Peng, CHANG Dingyi. Governance of urban public safety in context of big data: block chain technology enablement[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2021, 31(2): 24-32.

参考文献

[1] 张陶,曹惠民,王锋.城市公共安全治理中公众参与困境与对策[J].城市发展研究,2019,26(9):6-9,24.
ZHANG Tao, CAO Huimin, WANG Feng. The dilemma and countermeasures of public participation in urban public safety governance[J].Urban Development Studies,2019,26(9):6-9,24.
[2] 张宇栋,吕淑然.城市公共安全管理存在的问题及其解决途径[J].城市问题,2018(11): 81-87.
ZHANG Yudong, LYU Shuran. Problems and resolution ways to the management of urban public securities[J].Urban Problems,2018(11): 81-87.
[3] 陈迪宇,张旭东.疫情防控下的城市治理现代化[J].宏观经济管理,2020(9): 28-30.
CHEN Diyu, ZHANG Xudong. Modernization of urban governance in pandemic prevention and control[J].Macroeconomic Management,2020(9): 28-30.
[4] 刘影,施式亮.城市公共安全管理综合体系研究[J].自然灾害学报,2010,19(6): 158-162.
LIU Ying, SHI Shiliang. Study on comprehensive management system of urban public safety[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters,2010,19(6): 158-162.
[5] WATSON H J, FULLER C, ARIVACHANDR T. Data warehouse governance: best practices at blue cross and blue shield of North Carolina[J]. Decision Support Systems,2004,38(3): 435-450.
[6] MAJID A R, BENKHELIFA E. Determining the enabling factors for implementing cloud data governance in the Saudi public sector by structural equation modelling[J]. Future Generation Computer Systems,2020, 107: 1 061-1 076.
[7] BARNS S. Smart cities and urban data platforms: designing interfaces for smart governance[J]. City, Culture and Society,2018,12: 5-12.
[8] ZHANG Yang, CHEN Juanjuan. An empirical study of the efficiency of haze pollution governance in Chinese cities based on streaming data[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2020,739:139571.
[9] BONINA C, EATON B. Cultivating open government data platform ecosystems through governance: lessons from Buenos Aires, Mexico City and Montevideo[J]. Government Information Quarterly,2020,37(3):101479.
[10] BUTOT V, BAYERL P S, JACOBS G, et al. Citizen repertoires of smart urban safety: perspectives from Rotterdam, the Netherlands[J]. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2020,158:120164.
[11] 单勇.城市公共安全的开放式治理:从公共安全地图公开出发[J].中国行政管理,2018(5): 114-119.
SHAN Yong. The open governance of urban public security: starting from opening public safety maps[J]. Chinese Public Administration,2018(5): 114-119.
[12] 许兆丰,田杰芳,张靖.防灾视角下城市韧性评价体系及优化策略[J].中国安全科学学报,2019,29(3): 1-7.
XU Zhaofeng, TIAN Jiefang, ZHANG Jing. Urban resilience evaluation system and optimization strategy from perspective of disaster prevention[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2019,29(3): 1-7.
[13] 李菲菲,董慧.大数据时代下城市治理的伦理诉求[J].城市发展研究,2020,27(5): 65-71.
LI Feifei, DONG Hui. Ethical demands of urban governance in the era of big data[J]. Urban Development Studies,2020,27(5): 65-71.
[14] 曹策俊,李从东,王玉,等.大数据时代城市公共安全风险演化与治理机制[J].中国安全科学学报,2017,27(7): 151-156.
CAO Cejun, LI Congdong, WANG Yu, et al. Evolution and governance mechanism of urban public safety risk in big data era[J]. China Safety Science Journal,2017,27(7): 151-156.
[15] 袁宏永,苏国锋,付明.城市安全空间构建理论与技术研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2018,28(1): 185-190.
YUAN Hongyong, SU Guofeng, FU Ming. Study and application of architecture method and technology of urban safety space[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2018,28(1): 185-190.
[16] 丁晓蔚,苏新宁.基于区块链可信大数据人工智能的金融安全情报分析[J].情报学报,2019,38(12): 1 297-1 309.
DING Xiaowei, SU Xinning. Financial security intelligence analysis based on blockchain driven trustable big data and AI[J]. Journal of the China Society for Scientific and Technical Information, 2019,38(12): 1 297-1 309.
[17] YANG Aimin, LI Yifan, LIU Chenshuai, et al. Research on logistics supply chain of iron and steel enterprises based on block chain technology[J]. Future Generation Computer Systems, 2019,101: 635-645.
[18] GUO Leiyong, XIE Hui, LI Yu. Data encryption based blockchain and privacy preserving mechanisms towards big data[J]. Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation,2020,70:102741.
[19] TANWAR S, PAREKH K, EVANS R. Blockchain-based electronic healthcare record system for healthcare 4.0 applications[J]. Journal of Information Security and Applications,2020,50:102407.
[20] MARAIA L Di S, GALLO P, GUERRERO J M, et al. Blockchain for power systems: current trends and future applications[J]. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2020,119:109585.
[21] BAGLOEE S A, TAVANA M, WITHERS G, et al. Tradable mobility permit with Bitcoin and Ethereum:a blockchain application in transportation[J]. Internet of Things,2019,8:100103.
[22] 李梦卿,邢晓.区块链视角下高等职业教育产教融合创新模式研究[J].教育发展研究,2020,40(17): 59-65.
LI Mengqing, XING Xiao. Research on the innovation model of production-education integration in higher vocational education from the perspective of blockchain[J]. Research in Educational Development,2020,40(17): 59-65.
[23] NAKAMOTO S. Bitcoin: a peer-to-peer electronic cash system[DB/OL].[2019-07-02].https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf.
[24] 袁勇,王飞跃.区块链技术发展现状与展望[J].自动化学报,2016,42(4): 481-494.
YUAN Yong, WANG Feiyue. Blockchain: the state of the art and future trends[J]. Acta Automatica Sinica, 2016,42(4): 481-494.
[25] 王鹏,丁艺.应用区块链技术促进政府治理模式创新[J].电子政务,2017(4): 59-66.
[26] 高奇琦,阙天南.区块链在城市治理中的空间与前景[J].电子政务,2020(1): 84-91.
[27] 陈涛,马敏,徐晓林.区块链在智慧城市信息共享与使用中的应用研究[J].电子政务,2018(7): 28-37.
[28] 董晓辉,郑小斌,彭义平.高校教育大数据治理的框架设计与实施[J].中国电化教育,2019(8): 63-71.
DONG Xiaohui, ZHENG Xiaobin, PENG Yiping. The framework design and implementation of big data governance in college education[J]. China Educational Technology, 2019(8): 63-71.
[29] 梁芷铭.大数据治理:国家治理能力现代化的应有之义[J].吉首大学学报:社会科学版,2015,36(2): 34-41.
LIANG Zhiming. Mega data governance: an essential approach to the modernization of state governance[J]. Journal of Jishou University:Social Sciences, 2015,36(2): 34-41.
[30] 曾子明,杨倩雯.面向第四范式的城市公共安全数据监管体系研究[J].情报理论与实践,2018,41(2): 82-87.
ZENG Ziming, YANG Qianwen. Research on the data curation system of urban public security oriented to the fourth paradigm[J]. Information Studies: Theory & Application,2018,41(2): 82-87.
[31] 周耀林,常大伟.面向政府决策的大数据资源规划模型研究[J].情报理论与实践,2018,41(8): 42-47.
ZHOU Yaolin, CHANG Dawei. Research on big data resources planning model for government decision-making[J]. Information Studies: Theory & Application, 2018,41(8): 42-47.
[32] 戚阿阳,王翠萍,李佳潞.大数据环境下面向政府决策的信息资源开发路径探析[J].图书馆学研究,2018(21): 25-30.
QI Ayang, WANG Cuiping, LI Jialu. Analysis of information resource development path for government decision-making under the big data environment[J].Research on Library Science,2018(21): 25-30.
[33] 赵发珍,王超,曲宗希.大数据驱动的城市公共安全治理模式研究:一个整合性分析框架[J].情报杂志,2020,39(6):179-186,151.
ZHAO Fazhen, WANG Chao, QU Zongxi. Big data-driven urban public safety governance model: an integrated analysis framework[J].Journal of Intelligence, 2020,39(6):179-186,151.