人员密集场所火灾毒气扩散后果动态评价*

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2021.12.022

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (12): 167-175.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2021.12.022

人员密集场所火灾毒气扩散后果动态评价^*

王继贇¹, 宗若雯^**1,2 副教授, 陆守香¹ 教授

1 中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室,安徽合肥 230027;
2 中国科学技术大学苏州高等研究院苏州市城市公共安全重点实验室,江苏苏州 215123

收稿日期:2021-09-09 修回日期:2021-11-15 出版日期:2021-12-28 发布日期:2022-06-28
通讯作者: **宗若雯(1967—),女,安徽合肥人,博士,副教授,主要从事火灾调查和毒气扩散风险评价等方面的研究。E-mail: zongrw@ustc.edu.cn。
作者简介:王继贇 (1996—),男,山东菏泽人,博士研究生,研究方向为毒气泄漏事故风险评价及疏散路径优化。E-mail: ngc@mail.ustc.edu.cn。
基金资助:
江苏省重点研发项目(BE2020663)。

Dynamic evaluation of consequences of toxic gas dispersion in fire of crowded places

WANG Jiyun¹, ZONG Ruowen^1,2, LU Shouxiang¹

1 State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230027, China;
2 Suzhou Key Laboratory of Urban Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou Jiangsu 215123, China

Received:2021-09-09 Revised:2021-11-15 Online:2021-12-28 Published:2022-06-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为定量评价人员密集场所火灾毒气扩散后果,选取宿舍建筑作为典型的人员密集场所火灾场景,采用PyroSim软件获取火灾过程中毒气浓度的时空分布,采用Pathfinder软件获取疏散过程中人员位置的时空分布;基于2个软件的输出结果,采用Matlab软件编写数据查询算法,获取人员疏散过程中的暴露浓度,并计算平均吸入剂量,将其作为毒气扩散后果评价指标,用以评价不同的火灾场景。研究结果表明:火源位于第1层时,毒气扩散后果最严重;开启2个疏散出口,会极大地降低火灾毒气扩散后果;随着探测时间的减小,平均吸入剂量基本呈现线性递减;当火源靠近楼梯间时,探测时间的下降对降低毒气扩散后果有着更明显的作用。

关键词: 人员密集场所, 火灾毒气扩散, PyroSim软件, Pathfinder软件, 动态评价

Abstract: In order to quantitatively evaluate consequences of fire accidents in crowed places, dorm building was selected as a typical fire scenario, PyroSim software was used to obtain spatial-temporal distribution of toxic gases' concentration, and Pathfinder software was utilized to obtain such distribution of occupants' locations. Then, based on results output by the two software, data query algorithm written by Matlab code was adopted to obtain exposure concentration of occupants during evacuation, and average inhalation dose was calculated as an index to evaluate consequences of different fire scenarios. The results show that the consequence is the worst when fire occurs on the first floor. Opening two evacuation exits will greatly reduce impacts of fire accidents. As detection time decreases, average absorbed dose basically decreases linearly. When fire source is close to staircase, drop in detection time plays a greater role in reducing consequences.

Key words: crowed places, toxic gases dispersion in fire, PyroSim software, Pathfinder software dynamic evaluation

中图分类号:

X932

王继贇, 宗若雯, 陆守香. 人员密集场所火灾毒气扩散后果动态评价^*[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2021, 31(12): 167-175.

WANG Jiyun, ZONG Ruowen, LU Shouxiang. Dynamic evaluation of consequences of toxic gas dispersion in fire of crowded places[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2021, 31(12): 167-175.

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人员密集场所火灾毒气扩散后果动态评价^*

Dynamic evaluation of consequences of toxic gas dispersion in fire of crowded places

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