阻塞效应对隧道火灾烟气温度影响试验研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.10.1792

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究隧道内发生火灾时阻塞车辆对烟气温度分布特性的影响，利用1∶20小尺寸隧道模型开展试验研究。通过改变火灾功率、隧道坡度、阻塞物位置及阻塞物长度等参数，重点分析火灾烟气蔓延时间、隧道顶棚烟气最高温升和无量纲温度纵向分布特征。结果表明：阻塞物长度对烟气温度特性整体影响不大，而阻塞物位置会对其产生较大影响；当试验烟气蔓延方向与阻塞物位于火源同侧时，烟气蔓延速度最大，无阻塞物时次之，与阻塞物位于火源异侧时最小；当火灾功率改变时，阻塞物位置对顶棚烟气最高温升的影响也会发生变化；阻塞效应会使得烟气向有阻塞物侧纵向蔓延的温度衰减速度降低，而向无阻塞物侧的纵向蔓延则不受此影响。

关键词: 隧道火灾, 阻塞物, 隧道坡度, 烟气温度, 火灾功率

Abstract:

In order to study the influence of blockage effect on the smoke temperature distribution characteristics in a tunnel fire， a series of 1∶20 small-scale model experiments were carried out in this paper. By varying fire power parameters， tunnel slope， blockage location and blockage length， the smoke spread time， maximum ceiling temperature rise and dimensionless longitudinal temperature distribution in the tunnel fire have been analyzed in depth. The results show that： the blockage length has little effect on the smoke temperature characteristics， while the blockage location has a greater impact. The spread speed of smoke to the side with blockage is greater than that in the scenario without blockage， and greater than that in the scenario with blockage on another side of the fire source. When the fire power changes， the location effect of blockage will also change. Due to the blockage effect， the smoke temperature attenuation rate decreases during the longitudinal spread of smoke to the side with the blockage， while the longitudinal spread to the side without blockage is not disturbed by this effect.

Key words: tunnel fire, blockage, tunnel slope, smoke temperature, fire power

杨宇轩, 程辉航, 龙增, 陈俊沣, 刘畅, 钟茂华. 阻塞效应对隧道火灾烟气温度影响试验研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(10): 135-141.

YANG Yuxuan, CHENG Huihang, LONG Zeng, CHEN Junfeng, LIU Chang, ZHONG Maohua. Experimental study on effect of blockage on smoke temperature in tunnel fire[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(10): 135-141.

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火源尺寸/ cm×cm	平均质量损失速率/ （g·s^-1）	试验火灾功率/kW	原型隧道火灾功率/ MW
5×5	0.038	0.73	1.3
8×8	0.127	2.46	4.4
10×10	0.247	4.81	8.6

隧道坡度/%	下坡侧		上坡侧
隧道坡度/%	b	R²	b	R²
0	0.79	0.957	0.76	0.954
1.74	1.00	0.914	0.53	0.948
3.49	1.04	0.989	0.38	0.922
5.24	1.20	0.981	0.34	0.924
6.99	1.50	0.980	0.28	0.921
8.74	1.72	0.985	0.17	0.930