联合站油气设备泄漏燃爆事故及危险区域识别*

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2021.12.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究联合站油气设备在运行过程中因油气泄漏导致燃爆事故的灾难性后果,采用计算流体动力学(CFD)技术,构建联合站油气设备泄漏与燃爆事故后果预测与评估模型。首先,对不同天然气泄漏扩散场景开展数值模拟,分析各因素对天然气云扩散行为的影响;然后,基于可燃气云分布场景建立燃爆事故模型;最后,引入事故载荷伤害判别准则识别危险区域。结果表明:开放空间通风条件下,燃爆事故为气体泄漏连锁事故中的主要事故类型;天然气分布特性受泄漏速率、风速、障碍物等因素影响明显;池火在燃烧过程中受风力作用会发生明显的迁移现象;在设备拥塞度高的工艺区域内,火灾事故导致的热辐射危险区域面积通常大于高温危险区域面积,热辐射为主要伤害载荷。

关键词: 联合站, 油气设备, 泄漏扩散, 燃爆事故, 危险区域识别, 喷射火

Abstract: In order to explore catastrophic consequences of combustion and explosion accidents caused by leakage during operation of oil and gas equipment in united stations, a consequence prediction and evaluation model of the equipment was established by computational fluid dynamics technology. Firstly, numerical simulation was carried out for different gas leakage and dispersion scenarios, and effects of various factors on dispersion behavior of gas clouds were analyzed. Then, a combustion and explosion accident model was established based on distribution of combustible gas clouds. Finally, accidental load principle was introduced to identify hazardous areas. The results show that when open space is well ventilated, combustion and explosion accident are the major one in gas leakage chain accidents. Distribution of combustible gas clouds is significantly affected by factors such as leakage rate, wind speed, and obstacles. For pool fire, as it is influenced by wind, migration phenomenon will be observed during burning process. In places with high equipment congestion, area of heat radiation damage caused by fire accidents is usually larger than that of high temperature danger areas, and heat radiation is the main damage load.

Key words: united stations, oil and gas processing equipment, leakage and dispersion, combustion and explosion accidents, hazardous area identification, jet fire

中图分类号:

X932

谢伟康, 陈国明, 师吉浩, 杨冬冬. 联合站油气设备泄漏燃爆事故及危险区域识别^*[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2021, 31(12): 85-94.

XIE Weikang, CHEN Guoming, SHI Jihao, YANG Dongdong. Blast accidents caused by gas leakage and identification of hazardous areas in united stations[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2021, 31(12): 85-94.

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联合站油气设备泄漏燃爆事故及危险区域识别^*

Blast accidents caused by gas leakage and identification of hazardous areas in united stations

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