考虑需求等级与距离损失联动消防站选址研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.03.025

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 183-193.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.03.025

考虑需求等级与距离损失联动消防站选址研究

霍非舟¹^,²(), 董格力¹^,², 李墨潇¹^,²^,^**(), 梅依云¹^,²

¹武汉理工大学中国应急管理研究中心,湖北武汉 430070
²武汉理工大学安全科学与应急管理学院,湖北武汉 430070

收稿日期:2021-12-24 修回日期:2022-02-11 出版日期:2022-08-23 发布日期:2022-09-28
通讯作者: 李墨潇
作者简介:
霍非舟 (1987—),河南周口人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事公共安全与应急管理、风险评估等方面的研究。E-mail: huofz@whut.edu.cn。
霍非舟副教授, 李墨潇讲师,
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助(51808422); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2019IVB005); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(2020VI002)

Study on location selection of linkage fire stations based on demand level and distance loss

HUO Feizhou¹^,²(), DONG Geli¹^,², LI Moxiao¹^,²^,^**(), MEI Yiyun¹^,²

¹China Research Center for Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan Hubei 430070, China
²School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan Hubei 430070, China

Received:2021-12-24 Revised:2022-02-11 Online:2022-08-23 Published:2022-09-28
Contact: LI Moxiao

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高城市火灾抗性,基于城市发展现状进行消防站布局是提高城市消防效率与优化消防资源配置的有效手段。通过人口密度与高危火灾潜势单位分布状况评估地区火灾潜势大小,运用ArcGIS模拟火灾潜势分布状况并进行分级;针对消防站响应距离对火灾损失的影响,建立一种基于需求等级与距离损失的联动消防站选址优化模型,通过多目标优化算法NSGA-Ⅱ迭代求解模型;以襄阳市襄州区、襄城区、樊城区为例,与现役消防站布局以及考虑单一要素选址布局进行对比分析。结果表明:选址优化模型综合考虑需求等级与距离损失2种因素,根据实际需求对高危单位实施多级覆盖,选址结果优于考虑单一要素选址优化模型,对消防资源利用更加合理。

关键词: 需求等级, 距离损失, 消防站选址, 火灾潜势, 多级覆盖

Abstract:

In order to improve urban fire resistance, designing fire stations based on urban development status could be an effective means to improve firefighting efficiency and optimize allocation of resources. Firstly, regional fire potential was assessed based on population density and distribution of high-risk fire potential units, and ArcGIS was adopted to simulate distribution of fire potential and classify it. Then, with influence of fire station response distance on fire loss being taken into consideration, an optimized model of linkage fire station location selection based on demand grade and distance loss was established, and multi-objective optimization algorithm NSGA-Ⅱ was used to solve it iteratively. Finally, with Xiangzhou district, Xiangcheng district and Fancheng district of Xiangyang as examples, the model was compared with layout of fire stations in active service and that of site selection considering single factor. The results show that the optimization model comprehensively considers both factors of demand level and distance loss, and implements multi-level coverage for high-risk units according to the actual demand. As a results, it features a better location than that considering a single factor, and it proves to be more reasonable in fire resources' utilization.

Key words: demand level, distance loss, location of fire station, fire potential, multilevel coverage

霍非舟, 董格力, 李墨潇, 梅依云. 考虑需求等级与距离损失联动消防站选址研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(3): 183-193.

HUO Feizhou, DONG Geli, LI Moxiao, MEI Yiyun. Study on location selection of linkage fire stations based on demand level and distance loss[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(3): 183-193.

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序号	经纬度				X坐标		Y坐标		k值
1	东经112.045°		北纬31.787°		17		1		1
3	东经112.063°		北纬31.787°		18		1		1
4	东经112.081°		北纬31.787°		19		1		1
︙	︙		︙		︙		︙		︙
454	东经112.099°		北纬32.032°		20		17		3
455	东经112.117°		北纬32.032°		21		17		2
456		东经112.135°		北纬32.032°		22		17		2
︙		︙		︙		︙		︙		︙
1183		东经112.135°		北纬32.308°		22		39		2
1184		东经112.153°		北纬32.308°		23		39		1
1185		东经112.171°		北纬32.308°		24		39		1
︙		︙		︙		︙		︙		︙
1267		东经112.009°		北纬32.445°		15		48		1

选址方案	备选站点序列
1	28	120	127	167	172	291	312	359	416	434
476	514	515	548	570	578	639	709	795	851
860	883	987	996	1 048	1 186	1 113	1 167	1 172
2	28	120	156	200	287	294	312	322	416	434
467	513	550	556	578	684	717	811	860	870
983	1 003	1 064	1 142	1 152	1 208	1 220
3	20	120	156	200	245	294	312	323	341	467
471	473	485	550	557	578	590	684	717	811
820	870	983	1 003	1 064	1 142	1 152	1 208	1 220
4	8	59	96	148	244	262	313	433	436	441
466	511	527	570	695	745	755	809	909	941
964	1 045	1 099	1 106	1 124	1 181	1 260
5	20	84	95	148	206	261	421	433	466	473
482	527	550	570	631	663	675	695	885	899
912	959	1 022	1 044	1 101	1 124	1 140	1 246
6	8	59	126	148	206	236	292	351	433	441
466	473	510	527	570	695	745	755	805	909
930	941	1 083	1 099	1 124	1 143	1 232
7	13	59	126	148	206	236	350	402	433	441
466	512	527	570	591	695	723	745	755	886
909	941	973	1 104	1 040	1 124	1 150	1 261
8	20	83	96	148	200	246	302	310	412	426
433	438	550	657	669	678	743	771	845	897
908	956	1 044	1 090	1 172	1 246
9	28	96	134	141	215	262	310	365	393	413
478	538	626	676	686	696	864	928	937	1 028
1 081	1 129	1 154	1 172	1 255	—	—	—	—	—	—

选址方案	覆盖需求点数	总体覆盖率	各级单一覆盖数量			单一覆盖率
选址方案	覆盖需求点数	总体覆盖率	k=1	k=2	k=3	k=1	k=2	k=3
1	1089	0.859 5	988	80	21	0.8488	0.975 7	1
2	1 062	0.838 2	963	78	21	0.827 3	0.951 2	1
3	1 091	0.861 1	980	79	21	0.842 0	0.963 4	1
4	1 053	0.831 1	962	70	21	0.826 5	0.853 7	1
5	1 074	0.847 7	978	75	21	0.840 2	0.914 6	1
6	1 047	0.826 4	955	71	21	0.820 5	0.865 9	1
7	1 049	0.827 9	952	76	21	0.817 9	0.926 8	1
8	1 087	0.857 9	992	74	21	0.852 2	0.902 4	1
9	1 100	0.868 2	1 007	74	19	0.865 1	0.902 4	0.904 7
现役	250	0.197 3	175	54	21	0.150 3	0.658 5	1

考虑需求等级与距离损失联动消防站选址研究

Study on location selection of linkage fire stations based on demand level and distance loss

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选址方案	多级覆盖数量		多级覆盖率		所需备选点数量	备选站点总量
选址方案	k=2	k=3	k=2	k=3	所需备选点数量	备选站点总量
1	40	21	0.487 8	1	4	29
2	51	21	0.622 0	1	6	27
3	47	21	0.573 2	1	6	29
4	46	21	0.561 0	1	3	27
5	39	21	0.475 6	1	4	28
6	34	21	0.414 6	1	3	27
7	47	21	0.573 2	1	4	28
8	29	21	0.353 7	1	2	26
9	0	0	0	0	0	25
现役	52	21	0.634 5	1	14	17