基于街区可达性的消防救援辖区划分方法

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.10.0604

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (10): 181-189.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.10.0604

基于街区可达性的消防救援辖区划分方法

吴恙龙¹^,²(), 刘顶立¹^,²^,^**(), 袁狄平², 刘伟军¹, 徐志胜³, 雷晓¹

¹ 长沙理工大学交通学院,湖南长沙 410114
² 中国矿业大学深圳研究院, 广东深圳 518000
³ 中南大学土木工程学院,湖南长沙 410075

收稿日期:2025-06-01 修回日期:2025-08-22 出版日期:2025-11-10
通信作者:
**刘顶立(1990—),男,湖南长沙人,博士,副教授,主要从事火灾风险防控及消防救援方面的研究。E-mail: liudingli@csust.edu.cn。
作者简介:
吴恙龙 (2000—),男,湖南长沙人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为应急管理、应急资源配置。E-mail: demokim@stu.csust.edu.cn;
袁狄平教授;
刘伟军副教授;
徐志胜教授
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年项目资助(52204202); 深圳市科技计划资助项目(CXFZ2023073109390200)

Firefighting response zone division method based on block accessibility

WU Yanglong¹^,²(), LIU Dingli¹^,²^,^**(), YUAN Diping², LIU Weijun¹, XU Zhisheng³, LEI Xiao¹

¹ School of Transportation, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha Hunan 410114, China
² Shenzhen Research Institute, China University of Mining and Technology, Shenzhen Guangdong 518000, China
³ School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha Hunan 410075, China

Received:2025-06-01 Revised:2025-08-22 Published:2025-11-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为提高消防救援辖区的应急响应效率,提出1种基于街区可达性的消防救援辖区划分方法;该方法通过街区边界提取、消防站和需求点定位获取基本数据,并借助在线地图获取多段实时路况数据,计算各消防站到达每个街区的综合行程时间,以此作为划分依据;根据最短时间将街区划归相应消防站,输出辖区划分方案及区域整体可达性评估结果;以研究区域HN-FR的8个消防站、10 067个需求点为案例,提取542个街区单元,并通过29个场景下的约61.85万组数据样本进行分析。结果表明:HN-FR区域的整体可达性时间为435.96 s,整体消防救援可达性较差。此外,8个消防站辖区划分面积差异显著,范围为0.37~12.36 km²。造成这种差异的主要原因在于部分消防站过于靠近HN-FR的边界,能覆盖范围极小。

关键词: 街区可达性, 消防救援辖区, 消防站, 实时路况, 辖区划分

Abstract:

In order to enhance the emergency response efficiency of fire rescue zones, a block accessibility-based method for dividing fire rescue territories was proposed. Basic data were obtained through block boundary extraction, as well as the localization of fire stations and demand points. Multi-period real-time traffic data were acquired via an online map to calculate the integrated travel time from each fire station to every block unit, which served as the basis for division. Blocks were assigned to the corresponding fire station based on the shortest accessibility time. Finally, an optimized zoning scheme and an evaluation of the overall regional accessibility were output. A case study was conducted in the HN-FR area, involving 8 fire stations and 10 067 demand points. A total of 542 block units were extracted, and analysis was performed using 618 483 data samples across 29 scenarios. Results indicate that the overall accessibility time for the HN-FR region is 435.96 s, reflecting relatively poor fire rescue accessibility. Furthermore, significant disparities are observed in the areas of the eight fire station territories, ranging from 0.37 to 12.36 km². This variation is primarily attributed to the proximity of some fire stations to the boundary of HN-FR, resulting in minimal coverage capacity.

Key words: block accessibility, firefighting response zone, fire station, real-time traffic conditions, zone division

中图分类号:

X932爆炸安全与防火、防爆

吴恙龙, 刘顶立, 袁狄平, 刘伟军, 徐志胜, 雷晓. 基于街区可达性的消防救援辖区划分方法[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(10): 181-189.

WU Yanglong, LIU Dingli, YUAN Diping, LIU Weijun, XU Zhisheng, LEI Xiao. Firefighting response zone division method based on block accessibility[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(10): 181-189.

图/表 9

图1

图2

表1

TB(u)分类及详细数据

$T B (u)$	$A w (w ∈ [1,6]) / k m 2$	$P w (w ∈ [1,6])$ /%
[0,150)	0.50	1.13
[150,300)	5.98	13.52
[300,450)	19.77	44.72
[450,600)	11.72	26.50
[600,750)	5.37	12.16
[750,+∞)	0.88	1.98

表1

图3

表2

图4

图5

图6

表3

研究区域各消防站辖区面积

消防站r	$S F S - r / k m 2$
FS-1	0.37
FS-2	2.94
FS-3	9.40
FS-4	1.52
FS-5	3.54
FS-6	8.98
FS-7	12.36
FS-8	5.11

表3

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时间	A₁	A₂	A₃	A₄	A₅	A₆
12:00	0.45	5.52	19.35	12.32	5.83	0.74
13:00	0.39	5.99	18.12	13.12	5.53	1.07
14:00	0.39	5.99	18.12	13.12	5.53	1.07
15:00	0.46	6.08	18.15	11.51	6.88	1.14
16:00	0.21	6.19	16.37	13.39	6.80	1.26
17:00	0.38	4.26	14.81	15.05	7.19	2.52
17:30	0.27	4.06	12.22	13.24	7.06	7.36
18:00	0.17	3.94	9.86	11.23	9.20	9.82
18:30	0.17	4.31	12.25	14.50	7.35	5.64
19:00	0.24	5.23	16.19	14.05	6.16	2.35
20:00	0.34	5.27	17.60	13.06	6.09	1.86
21:00	0.64	5.23	18.04	13.52	5.78	1.00
22:00	0.48	6.68	20.88	10.74	4.75	0.68
23:00	0.68	7.90	22.68	10.34	2.43	0.18
00:00	0.56	8.07	23.63	9.84	1.94	0.16
01:00	0.69	9.11	23.84	8.75	1.66	0.16
02:00	1.07	9.95	23.27	8.35	1.41	0.16
03:00	0.92	9.42	23.56	8.59	1.57	0.16
04:00	0.72	9.52	24.28	7.88	1.66	0.16
05:00	0.84	9.19	23.17	9.00	1.85	0.16
06:00	0.72	9.33	22.88	9.57	1.55	0.16
07:00	0.53	8.01	20.60	9.81	4.89	0.37
07:30	0.43	5.39	16.73	11.25	8.95	1.46
08:00	0.33	6.14	15.42	15.07	5.61	1.65
08:30	0.33	5.65	17.00	13.59	6.09	1.56
09:00	0.36	5.69	16.76	13.64	6.34	1.42
10:00	0.28	6.38	17.27	12.71	6.71	0.87
11:00	0.24	6.35	20.10	11.38	5.39	0.76
12:00	0.36	6.10	20.89	10.99	5.30	0.58

基于街区可达性的消防救援辖区划分方法

Firefighting response zone division method based on block accessibility

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