基于小孔节流原理的高楼逃生缓降器设计与仿真

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.05.1184

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 55-60.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.05.1184

基于小孔节流原理的高楼逃生缓降器设计与仿真

鲁义¹^,²(), 杨宇轩¹^,², 邵淑珍¹, 贺伟林², 王伟³, 颜晓雯¹

¹ 湖南科技大学资源环境与安全工程学院,湖南湘潭411201
² 湖南永霏特种防护用品有限公司,湖南湘潭411201
³ 应急管理部上海消防研究所,上海,200032

收稿日期:2021-12-10 修回日期:2022-03-26 出版日期:2022-05-28
作者简介:
鲁义 (1986—),男,江西新干人,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事火灾科学与技术方面的研究。E-mail: luyijx@163.com。
基金资助:
湖南省重点研发计划项目(2022GK2042); 湖湘青年英才项目(2020RC3047); 湖南省教育厅优秀青年项目(20B230); 上海市青年科技启明星计划(20QB1401000)

Design and simulation of high-rise escape descent device based on orifice throttling principle

LU Yi¹^,²(), YANG Yuxuan¹^,², SHAO Shuzhen¹, HE Weilin², WANG Wei³, YAN Xiaowen¹

¹ School of Resource Environment & Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan Hunan 411201, China
² Hunan Yourfield Special Protective Equipment Co., Ltd., Xiangtan Hunan 411201, China
³ Shanghai Fire Science and Technology Research Institute of MEM, Shanghai 200032, China

Received:2021-12-10 Revised:2022-03-26 Published:2022-05-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对现有缓降器存在体积庞大、结构复杂、速度不可控等缺点,设计一款全新的可控速高楼逃生缓降器。首先,推导出缓降器的下降速度与节流小孔孔径之间的关系;然后,利用AMESim软件建立缓降器的动力学模型,仿真模拟不同负载、不同节流孔径下缓降器的下降速度;最后,仿真分析确定节流小孔通径安全调节范围,并通过调节串联在2液压缸之间的节流小孔孔径大小,达到变速缓降的目的。结果表明:该缓降器结构简单、体积小巧,使用者可根据逃生需求在节流孔径1~6 mm 内任意调节缓降器的下降速度,且速度不超过1.5 m/s。针对不同体重的使用对象,该缓降器的速度变化幅度始终趋于稳定,极大地提升了缓降器的适用性和安全性。

关键词: 小孔节流, 高楼逃生, 缓降器, 液压缸, 下降速度

Abstract:

In order to address shortcomings of existing descent devices, such as large volume, complex structure and uncontrollable speed, a new high-rise escape device with controllable speed was designed. Firstly, relationship between its descent speed and orifice diameter was deduced. Then, a dynamic model of the device was established by using AMESim software, and its descent speed was simulated under different loads and different throttling apertures. Finally, safe adjustment range of orifice diameter was determined through simulation analysis, and purpose of variable speed and slow descent was achieved by adjusting orifice diameter of throttle holes connected in series between two hydraulic cylinders. The results show that the new descent device features simple structure and small volume, allowing users to freely adjust its descent speed within throttling aperture of 1-6 mm according to escape demand, with a maximum speed of no more than 1.5 m/s. For objects with different weights, the speed change range always tends to be stable, which greatly improves applicability and safety of the descent device.

Key words: orifice throttling, high-rise escape, decent device, hydraulic cylinder, descending speed

鲁义, 杨宇轩, 邵淑珍, 贺伟林, 王伟, 颜晓雯. 基于小孔节流原理的高楼逃生缓降器设计与仿真[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(5): 55-60.

LU Yi, YANG Yuxuan, SHAO Shuzhen, HE Weilin, WANG Wei, YAN Xiaowen. Design and simulation of high-rise escape descent device based on orifice throttling principle[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(5): 55-60.

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缓降器类别	能量转化	优点	缺点
液压阻尼式	重力势能—内能	安全耐用、运行平稳、价格低廉	体积庞大、使用不方便
摩擦制动式	重力势能—内能	制动效率高、体积小、安装方便	速度不可控、制动零件易受损、噪音较大
电磁阻尼式	重力势能—电能	噪声小、速度可控	价格昂贵、结构复杂、维护不方便
擒纵式	重力势能—内能	结构简单、维护方便	噪音较大、不能重复使用、对受力要求高

基于小孔节流原理的高楼逃生缓降器设计与仿真

Design and simulation of high-rise escape descent device based on orifice throttling principle

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负载/kg	孔径/mm	位移/mm	时间/s
100	1	20	2.51
100	2	20	0.63
100	3	20	0.35
100	4	20	0.31
100	5	20	0.28
100	6	20	0.27
100	7	20	0.27
100	8	20	027