矿井带式输送机火灾烟流特性及其预警防控综述

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.03.0393

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为有效防控煤矿井下带式输送机火灾事故,保障煤矿工作人员的生命财产安全,系统分析矿井带式输送机火灾的起火原因、燃烧特性、烟流特性、监测预警技术及防治措施,并基于当前研究现状提出展望。结果表明:引发带式输送机火灾的主要原因是摩擦温升、电气设备故障及明火;研究带式输送机火灾燃烧和烟流特性采用的巷道火灾模型及数值模拟相关参数具有一定局限性,需综合考虑运输巷道实际工况及环境等参数;国内虽有针对带式输送机火灾的监测预警系统,但其尚有不足,需引入5G、大数据及人工智能等新兴技术予以完善,并结合硬件探测及人员管理等方面,健全煤矿带式输送机火灾防治体系,进而全面推动煤矿安全智能化建设。

关键词: 带式输送机火灾, 烟流特性, 监测预警, 起火原因, 燃烧特性, 防治措施

Abstract:

To effectively prevent and control coal mine underground belt conveyor fire accidents and ensure the safety of lives and property of coal mine workers, the fire causes, combustion characteristics, smoke flow characteristics, monitoring and early warning technologies, and prevention measures of mine belt conveyor fires were systematically analyzed. Then, further prospects were proposed based on the current research status. The results showed that the main causes of belt conveyor fire were friction temperature rise, electrical equipment failure, and open flame. There were some limitations for the tunnel fire model and corresponding numerical simulation parameters used to study the fire combustion and smoke flow characteristics of belt conveyors, the actual working conditions and environmental parameters of the transportation tunnel should be comprehensively considered. Although there were monitoring and early warning systems for belt conveyor fires in China, they had some limitations. It was necessary to introduce emerging technologies such as 5G, big data, and artificial intelligence, and combine them with hardware detection and personnel management to improve the coal mine belt conveyor fire prevention and control system, and then comprehensively promote the construction of safety and intelligent in coal mine.

Key words: belt conveyor fire, fire smoke flow characteristics, monitoring and early warning, fire causes, combustion characteristics, prevention and control measures

中图分类号:

徐永亮, 孙萌, 王兰云, 王云刚. 矿井带式输送机火灾烟流特性及其预警防控综述[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(3): 117-128.

XU Yongliang, SUN Meng, WANG Lanyun, WANG Yungang. Review of fire smoke flow characteristics and early warning prevention and control of mine belt conveyor[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(3): 117-128.

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危害形式	特征表现	后果
缺氧窒息	输送带燃烧过程中会消耗大量氧气,产生大量CO₂及其他气体,使得火区氧浓度降低	被困人员缺氧窒息导致死亡
中毒、刺激腐蚀呼吸道	带式输送机火灾产生的大多是CO、H₂S、HCL、SO₂等有毒有害气体	被困人员会出现呼吸不畅、头痛、眩晕、恶心呕吐等症状,甚至会导致死亡
高温烟气灼烧	带式输送机火灾产生的高温烟流随着巷道扩散,会导致更多的区域受到高温的影响	被困人员吸入高温烟气,呼吸系统会被灼伤,轻则导致慢性支气管炎、重则死亡

类别	监测对象	监测技术
带式输送机自身可能发生的故障	输送带打滑故障	速度传感器
	输送带跑偏故障	矿用跑偏传感器
	输送带纵撕故障	矿用撕裂传感器
	输送带断裂故障	矿用张力传感器
	带式输送机的撒料	堆煤传感器
	带式输送机异常噪声	热噪声传感器
	托辊表面温度及其他轴承表面温度	记忆合金型托辊超温传感器
运输巷道内的环境因素	温度和湿度	温湿度传感器
	CO浓度	CO传感器
	煤尘浓度	粉尘传感器
	异常烟气及其浓度	离子烟雾传感器
	异常火星或火苗	红外传感器
	电缆线路	线路热监测器