无机盐与多糖复配对泡沫灭火剂理化性能影响

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.03.1027

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为进一步提升环保型泡沫灭火剂灭火效能,以α-烯烃磺酸钠(AOS)和磷酸酯两性有机硅(PBSS)为表面活性剂,无机盐和多糖为稳泡剂,制备环保型泡沫灭火剂。基于无机盐与多糖复配对泡沫灭火剂表面张力、起泡性和稳定性的影响,提出稳泡剂复配体系的泡沫稳定机制。结果表明:无机盐和多糖复配能进一步提升泡沫灭火剂的理化性能,以0.025%黄原胶/0.125%明胶/0.1%氯化镁为稳泡剂所制备泡沫灭火剂的综合性能最佳,表面张力为24.34 mN/m,初始泡沫高度118.81 mm,25%析液时间为132.1 s。稳泡剂体系的稳泡机制归因于黄原胶和明胶在泡沫溶液中形成氢键,极大地增强泡沫液膜的表面强度,从而有效减缓泡沫的析液和气泡的粗化;Mg²⁺与AOS/PBSS头基产生静电作用而吸附于头基周围,削弱头基间的静电排斥作用,使得单位面积上表面活性剂浓度增加,进一步增强泡沫稳定性。

关键词: 无机盐, 多糖复配, 泡沫灭火剂, 理化性能, 泡沫稳定性

Abstract:

To further improve the fire extinguishing efficiency of environmentally friendly foam extinguishing agents, surfactants of the sodium alpha-olefin sulfonate (AOS) and phosphate betaine silicone surfactant (PBSS) and foam stabilizers of inorganic salts and polysaccharides were used to propose environmentally friendly foam extinguishing agents. The effects of inorganic salt and polysaccharide mixtures on surface tension, foaming capability, and foam stability were analyzed. Then the foam stabilization mechanism of the foam stabilizer mixtures was investigated. The results indicated that the inorganic salt and polysaccharide mixtures greatly improved the physicochemical properties of the foam extinguishing agents. The foam fire extinguishing agent mixture by 0.025% xanthan gum, 0.125% gelatin, and 0.1% MgCl₂ showed the best overall performance with a surface tension of 24.34 mN/m, an initial foam height of 118.81 mm, and a 25% liquid drainage time of 132.1 s. The foam stabilizing mechanism of the foam stabilizer was attributed to the formation of hydrogen bonds between xanthan gum and gelatin, which greatly enhanced the surface strength of the foam liquid film, thereby effectively slowing down the drainage rate and bubbles coarsening of foam. Moreover, the Mg²⁺ was adsorbed around the AOS/PBSS head group due to electrostatic interaction, which impaired the electrostatic repulsion between the head groups and increased the concentration of surfactant, further improving foam stability.

Key words: inorganic salt, polysaccharide mixtures, foam extinguishing agent, physicochemical property, foam stability

中图分类号:

X932爆炸安全与防火、防爆

康文东, 鲁义, 张作彬, 李贺, 邢宇霆, 周钦云. 无机盐与多糖复配对泡沫灭火剂理化性能影响[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(3): 137-147.

KANG Wendong, LU Yi, ZHANG Zuobin, LI He, XING Yuting, ZHOU Qinyun. Effects of inorganic salt and polysaccharide mixtures on physicochemical properties of foam extinguishing agents[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(3): 137-147.

图/表 23

表1

图1

表2

图2

图3

图4

表3

不同质量分数无机盐泡沫灭火剂的理化性能

稳泡剂类型	添加比例/%	表面张力/(mN·m^-1)	$H 0$ /mm	析液速率/(g·s^-1)	$t 25 %$ /s
未添加稳泡剂		24.57±0.12	111.9	0.29	25.70±3.58
氯化钠	0.01	25.84±0.08	123.0	0.25	32.13±0.33
	0.03	25.92±0.47	123.0	0.22	35.35±0.02
	0.05	26.55±0.14	124.5	0.21	38.02±0.27
	0.1	27.34±0.74	125.4	0.19	41.39±0.57
	0.3	26.39±0.14	123.0	0.19	40.51±1.90
	0.5	25.59±0.04	124.5	0.19	40.37±0.09
	1.0	25.39±0.19	120.0	0.17	40.39±1.11
氯化镁	〗0.01	24.46±0.06	126.0	0.22	34.83±1.42
	0.03	24.31±0.12	126.0	0.20	37.64±0.64
	0.05	24.71±0.03	126.0	0.19	40.62±0.25
	0.1	25.34±0.03	126.0	0.18	41.85±1.14
	0.3	24.81±0.05	127.5	0.20	37.29±1.62
	0.5	24.22±0.51	120.0	0.24	32.07±0.24
	1.0	24.32±0.06	121.5	0.27	28.77±1.74
氯化铁	〗0.01	24.61±0.05	<5	—	<5
	0.05	25.62±0.04	<5	—	<5
	0.1	26.23±0.06	<5	—	<5
	0.3	25.73±0.03	<5	—	<5
	0.5	25.14±0.61	<5	—	<5

表3

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图7

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图9

表4

多糖与无机盐复配下泡沫灭火剂的理化性能参数

复配体系	表面张力/(mN·m^-1)	$H 0$ /mm	析液速率/(g·s^-1)	$t 25 %$ /s
0.025%黄原胶/0.125%明胶	24.47±0.49	123.00	0.059	128.10±2.19
0.025%黄原胶/0.125%明胶/0.1%氯化钠	24.39±0.19	120.21	0.065	120.10±9.17
0.025%黄原胶/0.125%明胶/0.1%氯化镁	24.34±0.03	118.81	0.058	132.10±1.12

表4

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图16

图17

图18

表5

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组分	性质	质量分数/%
AOS	纯度≥99%	0.08
PBSS	纯度≥99%	0.08
尿素	分析纯	3
乙二醇	分析纯	3
二乙二醇丁醚	分析纯	1
稳泡剂	分析纯	0.01~1
水	去离子水	92

名称	参数
系综	宏观正则系综
温控函数	安德森函数
库伦相互作用力计算方法	埃瓦耳德法
模拟温度/K	298
范德瓦尔相互作用计算方法	基于原子法
截断半径/Å	12.5
时间步长/s	1×10^-15
总模拟时间/s	2×10^-10