土钉支护边坡物理模型试验研究进展

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.05.1134

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (5): 111-121.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.05.1134

土钉支护边坡物理模型试验研究进展

程刚¹^,²(), 张昊宇¹, 王晔³^,^**(), 李刚强⁴, 游钦凉¹

1 华北科技学院计算机学院,河北廊坊 065201
2 中国矿业大学矿区深部零碳负碳技术教育部工程研究中心,江苏徐州 221116
3 华北科技学院研究生部,河北廊坊 065201
4 华北科技学院矿山安全学院,河北廊坊 065201

收稿日期:2023-10-14 修回日期:2024-01-18 出版日期:2024-05-28
通讯作者:
王晔(1986—),女,黑龙江黑河人,博士,讲师,主要从事振动力学与安全风险评估等方面的研究。E-mail: wangye_0422@126.com。

作者简介:

程刚 (1987—),男,安徽六安人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事地质与岩土工程智能监测技术、物联网远程数据采集与地质灾害评价等方面的研究。E-mail: chenggang@ncist.edu.cn。

王晔讲师

李刚强副教授

基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助(42377200); 矿区深部零碳负碳技术教育部工程研究中心开放课题(2023-0014); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项项目(3142019011); 河北省自然科学基金资助(D2022508002)

Development on physical model test study on soil nailing supporting slope

CHENG Gang¹^,²(), ZHANG Haoyu¹, WANG Ye³^,^**(), LI Gangqiang⁴, YOU Qinliang¹

1 School of Computer Science, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Langfang Hebei 065201, China
2 Engineering Research Center of Zero-carbon and Negative-carbon Technology in Depth of Mining Areas, Ministry of Education,China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou Jiangsu 221116, China
3 Graduate Department, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Langfang Hebei 065201, China
4 School of Mine Safety, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Langfang Hebei 065201, China

Received:2023-10-14 Revised:2024-01-18 Published:2024-05-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高工程扰动与自然因素联合作用下边坡稳定性,厘清不同加载条件下边坡土钉支护方式的作用过程及其特点,选取适用于实际工况的最优支护模式及布设工艺,保障边坡结构系统的本质安全。首先,在静力、振动和离心3类受力作用下系统阐述土钉支护物理模型试验过程与结果;其次,对比分析典型边坡支护技术与新型边坡支护方式的特点及适用性;最后,通过复杂环境效应下的物理模型试验,探究海底边坡、台风暴雨边坡及高速远程滑坡3类特殊边坡的变形破坏机制。结果表明:土钉在各类边坡支护中均具有良好的适用性,但对于复杂特殊环境下边坡支护的可靠度与安全系数仍有待提高。实际中需融合新材料新工艺开展组合支护结构研究;同时,加强物理模型试验中的相似材料选取、观测手段创新、特殊环境模拟研究,提高监测数据的高还原度,实现边坡系统的全过程安全保障。

关键词: 土钉支护边坡, 物理模型试验, 边坡变形破坏, 特殊环境, 降雨作用

Abstract:

In order to improve slope stability under the combined action of engineering disturbance and natural factors, and clarify the process and characteristics of slope soil nailing under different loading conditions, the optimal support mode and layout technology suitable for the actual working conditions were selected to ensure the intrinsic safety of the slope structure system. Firstly, the physical model test process and results of soil nailing support under three types of static, vibration, and centrifugal forces were systematically elaborated. Secondly, the characteristics and applicability of typical slope support technologies and new slope support methods were compared as well as analyzed. Finally, through physical model tests under complex environmental effects, the deformation and failure mechanisms of three special slopes, namely submarine slope, typhoon rainstorm slope and high-speed and long-distance landslide were explored. The results show that soil nailing has good applicability in all kinds of slope support, but the reliability and safety factor of slope support under complex and special environments still need to be improved. Therefore, in practice, it is necessary to integrate new materials and processes to conduct research on composite support structures. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the selection of similar materials, innovative observation methods, and special environmental simulation research in physical model experiments, aiming to improve the high degree of restoration of monitoring data and achieve the full process safety guarantee of slope systems.

Key words: soil nailed slope, physical modeling test, slope deformation destruction, special environment, rainfall effect

中图分类号:

X948

程刚, 张昊宇, 王晔, 李刚强, 游钦凉. 土钉支护边坡物理模型试验研究进展[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(5): 111-121.

CHENG Gang, ZHANG Haoyu, WANG Ye, LI Gangqiang, YOU Qinliang. Development on physical model test study on soil nailing supporting slope[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(5): 111-121.

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试验因素		作用方式	特点	不足
加载装置	油压千斤顶	用于边坡静力物理模型加荷,测试边坡模型及支护结构的抗压能力	结构紧凑、体积小、重量轻、举升力大、惯性小	制造精度要求较高、故障不易被检查排除
	振动台	用于各类岩土边坡地震动力响应模拟特性研究,为边坡动力模型试验研究提供加载装置	可有效模拟不同级别的振动及地震波,高度还原地震作用全过程	不同性能振动台对振动的模拟效果差异性较大,设备成本较高
	土工离心机	通过高速转动模拟边坡上覆岩土体自重力,使模型产生与原边坡体相同的自重应力	解决模型试验中难以模拟自重应力场的难题,获取更加精准的试验数据	离心机性能要求高、设备昂贵,受限于离心机大小,模型尺寸十分有限
试验传感器	渗流类	结合力学、光学、电学技术,监测加荷、降雨、振动及离心等因素作用下,边坡物理模型的应力、含水率、温度及变形等多物理参量的实时变化状况,以获取静力、振动、离心作用下边坡变形失稳的影响效应	①边坡静力模型试验中,试验条件与模拟影响因素可控性优,传感器测量结果稳定可靠。 ②边坡振动台模型试验获取震前、震中、震后各阶段边坡演化特征,为边坡抗震支护提供重要参考。 ③离心边坡模型试验使模型具有高还原度的自重力,试验结果更能真实反映边坡变形失稳过程	①静力模型试验难以模拟现实环境中边坡动态变化过程。 ②振动过程中传感器易损坏,因此,对传感器抗扰动性要求较高。 ③高速旋转下的传感器设计与安装工艺复杂,因此,对传感器鲁棒性要求高
	变形类
	位移类

作者	边坡			土钉			比例	试验方法
作者	土质	坡高/mm	坡角/(°)	材料	长度/mm	倾角/(°)	比例	试验方法
KITAMURA	砂土	750	70	铝板	450	-20,0,20	—	竖向加荷
AYAZI等	级配良好的砂土	400	60	土工复合材料	320	20,25,30,35,40	1:30	—
文高原等	洛阳Q2黄土	2 500	90	锚管	1 030~3 100	0	1:5.8	降雨作用
李国庆等	黄沙、黏土粉末	500	60	铁丝	70,100	30,50,70	1:10	竖向加荷
周清等	砂质粉土	900	—	铝合金	1 000	—	—	开挖降雨

作者	边坡			土钉			比例	加速度g
作者	土质	坡高/mm	坡角/(°)	材料	长度/mm	倾角/(°)	比例	加速度g
GIRI等	级配差的中砂	180	30,35,40	铝管	150	0,20,90	—	0.1
张明聚等	细砂	670	84	亚克力管	340~470	0,15,30	1:12	0.1~1.8
唐文彪等	花岗岩残积土	1 800	—	硬聚氯乙烯管	600, 700	—	—	0.1~0.6
李英俊等	硅砂	700	80,90	亚克力管	400, 500	0,30	1:8.57	1

作者	边坡			土钉			试验方法
作者	土质	坡高/mm	坡角/(°)	材料	长度/mm	倾角/(°)	试验方法
DAVIES等	细砂	300	70	钢条,有机玻璃条	300	0,20	重力加荷
MORGAN	砂土	300	50,70	有机玻璃条	390	15	渗流
NG等	花岗岩残积土	500	65	铝管	400	20	渗流
DEEPA等	高岭土加砂	240	63.4	铝管	120~200	15	渗流
VUCETIC, TUFENKJIAN等	石英砂	152	90	塑料和钢丝	50~152	0	地震力

支护模式		支护方式	优点	缺点
典型模式	锚杆支护	通过埋设于边坡内部的锚杆,增强其与周围土体的抗剪强度,从而提高边坡土体自身承载能力	结构简单、施工便捷、适用性强	承载力有限、对地下空间利用率产生影响
	抗滑桩支护	将桩置于边坡稳定地层中,利用桩与边坡土体的锚固作用,将推力传递至稳定地层中,从而提高边坡抗滑能力	抗滑能力优、安全性高、支护位置灵活	结构笨重、抗弯剪能力不足、成本高
	组合支护	针对单一支护结构难以满足结构复杂边坡的支护要求,实际中采用锚+抗滑桩、锚+框架梁+抗滑桩、锚+框架梁+挡土墙等组合支护方式,形成合力,据此提升支护结构抗滑能力	抗滑剪能力强,解决了单一支护难以全面抵抗边坡关键位置滑移的问题	施工成本高、工期长
新型模式	FRP支护	使用FRP材料代替传统钢材等支护材料,利用其强度大的特性,增强其在边坡支护中的锚固作用	抗震性强、耐腐蚀、拉伸性能好、自重小	抗剪能力差、阻燃性差、自身受力状态难以被监测
	植被支护	在边坡表面种植植被,利用其茎叶及发达根系的机械性能及水文特性阻拦降雨入渗、防止坡体水土流失,实现固土护坡	生态环境效应好、工程扰动性小	支护能力有限,在台风暴雨等条件下,边坡极易发生破坏
	MICP 支护	将脲酶菌、反硝化菌等微生物注入边坡土体中,使其快速沉淀结晶,抑制土体液化,增强土体强度,进而有效加固边坡	无污染、成本低、可进行大范围远距离加固	对边坡土体性质及环境温湿度等要求较高

土钉支护边坡物理模型试验研究进展

Development on physical model test study on soil nailing supporting slope

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