基于可拓-层次分析模型的工程爆破效果评价及试验验证

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.12.0509

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (12): 129-139.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.12.0509

基于可拓-层次分析模型的工程爆破效果评价及试验验证

倪苏黔¹(), 徐颖¹^,²^,^**(), 杨荣周¹, 姚象洋³, 远彦威⁴, 丁进甫¹

¹ 安徽理工大学土木建筑学院,安徽淮南 232001
² 省部共建深部煤矿采动响应与灾害防控国家重点实验室,安徽淮南 232001
³ 中国科学技术大学中国科学院材料力学行为和设计重点实验室,安徽合肥 230026
⁴ 北京科技大学土木与资源工程学院,北京 100083

收稿日期:2024-07-17 修回日期:2024-09-12 出版日期:2024-12-28
通信作者:
**徐颖(1965—),男,安徽泗县人,博士,教授,主要从事岩土工程爆破等方面的研究。E-mail:yxu@aust.edu.cn。
作者简介:
倪苏黔 (1996—),男,江苏南通人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为岩土工程爆破、岩-机相互作用。E-mail:nisuqian@qq.com。
杨荣周,讲师。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助(52074009); 国家自然科学基金资助(52274071); 国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB3401504)

Effect evaluation and experimental validation of engineering blasting based on extension-analytic hierarchy process model

NI Suqian¹(), XU Ying¹^,²^,^**(), YANG Rongzhou¹, YAO Xiangyang³, YUAN Yanwei⁴, DING Jinfu¹

¹ School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan Anhui 232001, China
² State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines, Huainan Anhui 232001, China
³ CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Anhui 230026, China
⁴ School of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2024-07-17 Revised:2024-09-12 Published:2024-12-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为确保爆破下穿高速公路期间车辆正常通行及隧道既有支护结构安全,提出基于可拓-层次分析(AHP)模型的工程爆破效果评价方法。首先,建立爆破效果评级标准及指标体系,将该模型应用至某引水工程评价中;其次,采用AHP法确定评价指标权重,并计算得到爆破评级综合关联度;最后,开展声波探测试验、爆破冲击波试验及爆破地震波试验,综合验证爆破效果评级结果。结果表明:通过可拓-AHP模型计算出综合关联度 $Q j (X - M)$ ,隧道掘进爆破效果评定为Q_max=-0.017,评价等级为爆破效果良好。隧洞围岩松动圈范围较小且分布均匀,围岩稳定性的影响范围为0.5~0.6 m,爆炸能量没有造成岩石破裂带向内进一步延伸迹象。爆破地震波在不同波频下的能量衰减趋势不同,但衰减速度在整体上具有高频成分能量大于低频成分能量表现;在同通道下,随着爆源与测点距离的增大,整体振动波形变窄,具有主频先增后减、主频域往低频方向移动表现。爆破冲击波超压峰值衰减特征满足P_S=αl^-γ,且随着爆源距的增大,爆破冲击波超压衰减系数呈递增趋势,布测范围属于冲击波衰减区,隧洞口处及施工外区的冲击波峰值超压趋于收敛。

关键词: 可拓-层次分析(AHP)模型, 爆破效果评价, 声波探测, 爆破冲击波, 爆破地震波

Abstract:

In order to ensure the normal passage of vehicles and the safety of the existing tunnel support structure during the blasting through the highway, the evaluation method of engineering blasting effect based on extension-AHP model was proposed. Firstly, by means of investigation and analysis, the blasting effect rating standard and index system were established, and the model was applied to the evaluation of a water diversion project. Secondly, AHP was used to determine the weights of evaluation indexes, and the combined relevance degree of blasting rating was calculated. Finally, the results of the blasting effect rating were verified by acoustic detection test, blasting shock wave test and blasting seismic wave test. The study shows that the combined relevance degree $Q j (X - M)$ is calculated by extension-AHP model. The blasting effect of the tunnel boring is Q_max=-0.017, and the evaluation grade is a good blasting effect. The surrounding rock loose circle of the tunnel is relatively small and evenly distributed. The influence range of the surrounding rock stability is about 0.5-0.6 m. The blasting energy does not cause the rock rupture zone to further extend the signs of the inward. The energy attenuation trend of blasting seismic waves is different under different wave frequencies. However, the attenuation rate is greater than that of low-frequency component energy in the overall performance of high-frequency component energy. In the same channel, with the increase of the distance between the blasting source and the measurement points, the overall vibration waveform becomes narrower. The main frequency increases first and then decreases, and the main frequency domain moves to the low-frequency direction. The overpressure peak attenuation characteristic of blasting shock wave meets P_S=αl^-^γ. With the increase in the distance from the blasting source, blasting shock wave overpressure attenuation coefficient is an increasing trend. The measurement range belongs to the shock wave attenuation zone. The shock wave overpressure peak of the tunnel entrance and the construction outside tend to converge.

Key words: extension-analytic hierarchy process(AHP) model, blasting effect evaluation, acoustic detection, blasting shock wave, blasting seismic wave

中图分类号:

X932爆炸安全与防火、防爆

倪苏黔, 徐颖, 杨荣周, 姚象洋, 远彦威, 丁进甫. 基于可拓-层次分析模型的工程爆破效果评价及试验验证[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(12): 129-139.

NI Suqian, XU Ying, YANG Rongzhou, YAO Xiangyang, YUAN Yanwei, DING Jinfu. Effect evaluation and experimental validation of engineering blasting based on extension-analytic hierarchy process model[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(12): 129-139.

图/表 19

图1

图2

表1

评级标准划分

评级		M₁	M₂	M₃	M₄	M₅	实际量值
Y₁	Z₁₁	[1,0.61]	(0.61,0.38]	(0.38,0.25]	(0.25,0.17]	(0.17,0]	0.404
	Z₁₂	[1,0.88]	(0.88,0.70]	(0.70,0.53]	(0.53,0.32]	(0.32,0]	0.663
	Z₁₃	[1,0.86]	(0.86,0.71]	(0.71,0.57]	(0.57,0.34]	(0.34,0]	0.523
	Z₁₄	[1,0.89]	(0.89,0.68]	(0.68,0.47]	(0.47,0.29]	(0.29,0]	0.503
	Z₁₅	[1,0.71]	(0.71,0.42]	(0.42,0.29]	(0.29,0.20]	(0.20,0]	0.393
Y₂	Z₂₁	[1,0.79]	(0.79,0.53]	(0.53,0.26]	(0.26,0.08]	(0.08,0]	0.204
	Z₂₂	[1,0.78]	(0.78,0.46]	(0.46,0.18]	(0.18,0.08]	(0.08,0]	0.383
	Z₂₃	[1,0.59]	(0.59,0.27]	(0.27,0.15]	(0.15,0.07]	(0.07,0]	0.445
	Z₂₄	[1,0.84]	(0.84,0.62]	(0.62,0.45]	(0.45,0.24]	(0.24,0]	0.397
	Z₂₅	[1,0.63]	(0.63,0.42]	(0.42,0.21]	(0.21,0.10]	(0.10,0]	0.295
	Z₂₆	[1,0.90]	(0.90,0.69]	(0.69,0.51]	(0.51,0.31]	(0.31,0]	0.527
	Z₂₇	[1,0.65]	(0.65,0.34]	(0.34,0.13]	(0.13,0.05]	(0.05,0]	0.544
Y₃	Z₃₁	[1,0.63]	(0.63,0.32]	(0.32,0.16]	(0.16,0.07]	(0.07,0]	0.274
	Z₃₂	[1,0.72]	(0.72,0.50]	(0.50,0.28]	(0.28,0.09]	(0.09,0]	0.109
	Z₃₃	[1,0.82]	(0.82,0.56]	(0.56,0.29]	(0.29,0.11]	(0.11,0]	0.545
	Z₃₄	[1,0.77]	(0.77,0.43]	(0.43,0.24]	(0.24,0.08]	(0.08,0]	0.130
	Z₃₅	[1,0.88]	(0.88,0.67]	(0.67,0.39]	(0.39,0.16]	(0.16,0]	0.805
	Z₃₆	[1,0.86]	(0.86,0.64]	(0.64,0.40]	(0.40,0.18]	(0.18,0]	0.717
Y₄	Z₄₁	[1,0.88]	(0.88,0.67]	(0.67,0.46]	(0.46,0.29]	(0.29,0]	0.642
	Z₄₂	[1,0.86]	(0.86,0.61]	(0.61,0.49]	(0.49,0.29]	(0.29,0]	0.738
	Z₄₃	[1,0.61]	(0.61,0.33]	(0.33,0.16]	(0.16,0.06]	(0.06,0]	0.439
	Z₄₄	[1,0.82]	(0.82,0.54]	(0.54,0.38]	(0.38,0.21]	(0.21,0]	0.255
	Z₄₅	[1,0.71]	(0.71,0.40]	(0.40,0.29]	(0.29,0.18]	(0.18,0]	0.417
	Z₄₆	[1,0.67]	(0.67,0.46]	(0.46,0.33]	(0.33,0.19]	(0.19,0]	0.343
	Z₄₇	[1,0.92]	(0.92,0.69]	(0.69,0.46]	(0.46,0.20]	(0.20,0]	0.531
Y₅	Z₅₁	[1,0.76]	(0.76,0.48]	(0.48,0.29]	(0.29,0.07]	(0.07,0]	0.471
	Z₅₂	[1,0.60]	(0.60,0.28]	(0.28,0.15]	(0.15,0.05]	(0.05,0]	0.099
	Z₅₃	[1,0.67]	(0.67,0.46]	(0.46,0.25]	(0.25,0.08]	(0.08,0]	0.455
	Z₅₄	[1,0.68]	(0.68,0.36]	(0.36,0.17]	(0.17,0.06]	(0.06,0]	0.187

表1

图3

表2

一致性检验结果

判断矩阵	单层指标权重R	λ_max	CI	CR
X	R_X_-_Y=(0.209,0.076,0.491,0.089,0.136)^T	5.376	0.094	0.084
Y₁	$R Y 1 - Z$ =(0.088,0.013,0.046,0.018,0.044)^T	5.167	0.042	0.037
Y₂	$R Y 2 - Z$ =(0.080,0.086,0.054,0.055,0.157,0.034,0.024)^T	7.659	0.110	0.081
Y₃	$R Y 3 - Z$ =(0.041,0.014,0.040,0.006,0.028,0.007)^T	6.451	0.090	0.072
Y₄	$R Y 4 - Z$ =(0.030,0.011,0.003,0.006,0.011,0.011,0.002)^T	7.744	0.124	0.091
Y₅	$R Y 5 - Z$ =(0.043,0.015,0.026,0.005)^T	4.234	0.078	0.088

表2

表3

单层指标-等级关联度Qj(Z-M)

评价指标	$R X - Z$	Q₁	Q₂	Q₃	Q₄	Q₅	隶属级别	评级
Z₁₁	0.088	-0.338	0.104	-0.039	-0.205	-0.282	M₂	良好
Z₁₂	0.013	-0.247	-0.053	0.218	-0.283	-0.504	M₃	普通
Z₁₃	0.046	-0.392	-0.263	-0.082	0.204	-0.277	M₄	较差
Z₁₄	0.018	-0.435	-0.260	0.157	-0.062	-0.300	M₃	普通
Z₁₅	0.044	-0.446	-0.064	0.208	-0.145	-0.241	M₃	普通
Z₂₁	0.080	-0.742	-0.615	-0.215	0.311	-0.135	M₄	较差
Z₂₂	0.086	-0.509	-0.167	0.275	-0.248	-0.329	M₃	普通
Z₂₃	0.054	-0.246	0.453	-0.240	-0.347	-0.403	M₂	良好
Z₂₄	0.055	-0.527	-0.360	-0.118	0.252	-0.207	M₄	较差
Z₂₅	0.157	-0.532	-0.298	0.405	-0.108	-0.217	M₃	普通
Z₂₆	0.034	-0.414	-0.236	0.094	-0.035	-0.314	M₃	普通
Z₂₇	0.024	-0.163	0.342	-0.309	-0.476	-0.520	M₂	良好
Z₃₁	0.041	-0.565	-0.144	0.288	-0.136	-0.219	M₃	普通
Z₃₂	0.014	-0.849	-0.782	-0.611	0.100	-0.021	M₄	较差
Z₃₃	0.040	-0.335	-0.027	0.056	-0.359	-0.489	M₃	普通
Z₃₄	0.006	-0.831	-0.698	-0.458	0.313	-0.054	M₄	较差
Z₃₅	0.028	-0.085	0.357	-0.409	-0.680	-0.768	M₂	良好
Z₃₆	0.007	-0.166	0.350	-0.214	-0.528	-0.655	M₂	良好
Z₄₁	0.030	-0.270	-0.042	0.133	-0.337	-0.496	M₃	普通
Z₄₂	0.011	-0.142	0.488	-0.328	-0.486	-0.631	M₂	良好
Z₄₃	0.003	-0.280	0.389	-0.163	-0.332	-0.403	M₂	良好
Z₄₄	0.006	-0.689	-0.528	-0.329	0.265	-0.057	M₄	较差
Z₄₅	0.011	-0.413	0.055	-0.028	-0.179	-0.289	M₂	良好
Z₄₆	0.011	-0.488	-0.254	0.100	-0.019	-0.189	M₃	普通
Z₄₇	0.002	-0.423	-0.230	0.309	-0.131	-0.414	M₃	普通
Z₅₁	0.043	-0.380	-0.019	0.047	-0.255	-0.431	M₃	普通
Z₅₂	0.015	-0.835	-0.646	-0.340	0.490	-0.052	M₄	较差
Z₅₃	0.026	-0.321	-0.011	0.024	-0.273	-0.408	M₃	普通
Z₅₄	0.005	-0.725	-0.481	0.089	-0.020	-0.135	M₃	普通

表3

图4

图5

图6

表4

图7

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

表5

图13

图14

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测点	通道	最大振速/ (cm·s^-1)	主振频率/Hz	持续时间/s
N₁	x	0.697	42.725	0.819
	y	0.518	32.959	0.819
	z	-1.245	35.4	0.819
N₂	x	0.954	104.37	1.843
	y	-1.912	62.866	1.843
	z	4.122	108.643	1.843
N₃	x	1.479	59.204	1.843
	y	0.732	61.646	1.842
	z	-4.097	61.646	1.842

基于可拓-层次分析模型的工程爆破效果评价及试验验证

Effect evaluation and experimental validation of engineering blasting based on extension-analytic hierarchy process model

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