平房仓粮堆埋人事故人体受力仿真分析

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.07.0145

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (7): 151-158.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.07.0145

平房仓粮堆埋人事故人体受力仿真分析

崔鹏程¹^,²(), 何晓伟³, 陈鑫¹^,², 张涛¹^,², 张晋宁¹, 佟瑞鹏⁴^,^**()

¹ 国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院, 北京 100037
² 粮食储运国家工程研究中心, 北京 100037
³ 国家粮食和物资储备局储备安全和应急物资保障中心, 北京 100834
⁴ 中国矿业大学(北京) 应急管理与安全工程学院, 北京 100083

收稿日期:2025-03-10 修回日期:2025-05-20 出版日期:2025-07-28
通信作者:
** 佟瑞鹏(1977—),男,黑龙江穆棱人,博士,教授,主要从事行为安全管理、职业心理健康、环境风险评估等方面的研究。E-mail:tongrp@cumtb.edu.cn。
作者简介:

崔鹏程 (1993—),男,河南济源人,硕士,助理研究员,主要从事粮食和物资储备安全生产技术方面的研究。E-mail:cpc@ags.ac.cn。
何晓伟高级工程师
陈鑫助理研究员
张涛副研究员
张晋宁助理研究员
基金资助:
国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院结余课题经费项目(JY2305)

Simulation analysis of human pressure during accident of people entrapped in warehouse grain mass

CUI Pengcheng¹^,²(), HE Xiaowei³, CHEN Xin¹^,², ZHANG Tao¹^,², ZHANG Jinning¹, TONG Ruipeng⁴^,^**()

¹ Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
² National Engineering Research Centre of Grain Storage and Logistics, Beijing 100037, China
³ National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration Reserve Security and Emergency Strategic Support Center, Beijing 100834, China
⁴ School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2025-03-10 Revised:2025-05-20 Published:2025-07-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为预防平房仓粮堆埋人事故的发生,保护作业人员生命安全,采用工程离散元法(EDEM)仿真模拟人体压力分布。首先,选取软球颗粒模型和基础颗粒接触模型Hertz-Mindlin(元滑动)构建小麦、玉米和稻谷籽粒模型,并耦合多体动力学与EDEM软件构建人体多部位受力模型;其次,综合事故发生场景和计算量等因素构建事故区域模型,设定模拟参数;最后,完成颗粒运动过程模拟和人体表面压力分析,并开发粮堆埋人事故的人体受力分布测量装置。结果表明:不同粮种作业人员被埋的时间略有差异,由小到大依次为小麦<玉米<稻谷;人体表面压力最大值可达1.4×10⁶ Pa,各部位表面最大压力波动剧烈;小麦仓加权求和最大压力平均值为9 864 Pa,玉米仓为8 255 Pa,稻谷仓为7 283 Pa。压力分布数据可为事故预防和安全培训提供参考,也为防护装置的研发提供思路。

关键词: 平房仓, 粮堆埋人事故, 人体受力, 离散元法(DEM), 颗粒模型

Abstract:

In order to prevent the accident of people entrapped in the grain mass of warehouse and protect the life safety of workers, the discrete element engineering EDM(EDEM) method was proposed to simulate the distribution of human body pressure. Firstly, the soft sphere particle model and the basic particle contact model Hertz-Mindlin (no slip) were selected to construct the wheat, corn and rice grain particle models, and the multi-body pressure model of the human body was constructed by coupling multi-body dynamics and EDEM. Secondly, the accident area model was constructed and the simulation parameters were set considering the factors such as accident scene and calculation amount. Finally, the simulation of particle motion process and the analysis of human body surface pressure were completed, and the human body force distribution measuring device of people entrapped in the grain mass was developed. The results show that the buried time of different grains is slightly different, with wheat being less than corn and less than rice. The maximum pressure on the surface of the human body can reach 1.4×10⁶ Pa which fluctuates violently. The average maximum pressure of the weighted sum of the wheat warehouse is 9 864 Pa, that of corn warehouse is 8 255 Pa, and that of rice warehouse is 7 283 Pa. The pressure distribution data provides a reference for accident prevention and related safety training, and provides ideas for the development of protective devices.

Key words: warehouse, accident of people entrapped in grain mass, human pressure, discrete element method(DEM), granular model

中图分类号:

X954农、林、渔业安全

崔鹏程, 何晓伟, 陈鑫, 张涛, 张晋宁, 佟瑞鹏. 平房仓粮堆埋人事故人体受力仿真分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(7): 151-158.

CUI Pengcheng, HE Xiaowei, CHEN Xin, ZHANG Tao, ZHANG Jinning, TONG Ruipeng. Simulation analysis of human pressure during accident of people entrapped in warehouse grain mass[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(7): 151-158.

图/表 14

图1

图2

表1

表2

图3

表3

图4

图5

表4

图6

图7

图8

图9

图10

参考文献 27

[1]	中共中央党史和文献研究院. 习近平关于国家粮食安全论述摘编[M]. 北京: 中央文献出版社, 2023: 11.
[2]	中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室. 中国的粮食安全[EB/OL].(2022-07-04). http://www.scio.gov.cn/zfbps/ndhf/2019n/202207/t20220704_130643.html.
[3]	GB 50320—2014, 粮食平房仓设计规范[S].
	GB 50320-2014, Code for design of grain storehouses[S].
[4]	陈峰, 梁晓华. 粮食平房仓仓型的研究分析[J]. 粮食与食品工业, 2017, 24(5): 66-69.
	CHEN Feng, LIANG Xiaohua. Analysis and research on the type of grain storehouse[J]. Cereal & Food Industry, 2017, 24(5): 66-69.
[5]	马爱平. 全国粮食标准仓房完好仓容超7亿吨[N]. 科技日报, 2024-5-31( 5).
[6]	吴子丹, 何毅. 粮油仓储企业安全生产事故案例分析与防范[M]. 北京: 冶金工业出版社, 2012: 1-2.
[7]	任丽辉, 林琳, 王赫, 等. 基于工业工程方法的粮堆埋人事故的风险识别与分析[J]. 粮食加工, 2020, 45(6): 77-80.
	REN Lihui, LIN Lin, WANG He, et al. Risk identification and analysis of grain buring accidents based on industrial engineering method[J]. Grain Processing, 2020, 45(6): 77-80.
[8]	张涛, 李娜, 杨振和, 等. 粮堆坍塌事故安全隐患分析与防范管理[J]. 粮油食品科技, 2017, 25(1): 88-91.
	ZHANG Tao, LI Na, YANG Zhenhe, et al. Analysis of potential hazard and precaution on grain pile collapse[J]. Science and Technology of Cereals, Oils and Foods, 2017, 25(1): 88-91.
[9]	范华胜. 粮食储藏过程中危险因素及安全防护措施[J]. 粮食储藏, 2012, 41(2): 13-16.
	FAN Huasheng. Dangerous and harmful factors and safety protection measures in grain storage[J]. Grain Storage, 2012, 41(2): 13-16.
[10]	吴少堂, 胡小中, 刘继辉. 粮食仓储行业安全生产现状及对策分析[J]. 粮食问题研究, 2018(5): 12-16.
	WU Shaotang, HU Xiaozhong, LIU Jihui. Analysis on the status and countermeasures of safe production in grain storage industry[J]. Grain Issues Research, 2018(5): 12-16.
[11]	杨振和, 苏振华, 王东. 粮库进出粮人员伤害事故风险分析及防范研究[J]. 粮食科技与经济, 2017, 42(4): 10-15.
	YANG Zhenhe, SU Zhenhua, WANG Dong. Risk analysis and prevention of personnel injury accidents for grains get in and out of grain depots[J]. Food Science and Technology and Economy, 2017, 42(4): 10-15.
[12]	ISSA S F, CHENG Y H, FIELD W E. Summary of agricultural confined-space related cases: 1964-2013[J]. Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health, 2016, 22(1): 33-45.
[13]	ROBERTS M, FIELD W, MAIER W, et al. Determination of entrapment victim extrication force with and without use of a grain rescue tube[J]. Journal of Agricultural Safety and Health, 2015, 21: 71-83.
[14]	CUNDALL P A, STRACK O D L. A discrete numerical model for granular assemblies[J]. Geotechnique, 1979, 1:47-65.
[15]	贾唯龙, 常晁瑜, 李佩茹, 等. 基于颗粒流方法的黄土地震滑坡数值模拟[J]. 地震学报, 2022, 44(4): 677-687.
	JIA Weilong, CHANG Chaoyu, LI Peiru, et al. Numerical simulation of earthquake-induced loess landslides based on particle flow method[J]. Acta Seismologica Sinica, 2022, 44(4): 677-687.
[16]	宋阳, 王泽河, 弋景刚. 基于EDEM的固态有机肥运施机装撒肥装置的设计与仿真分析[J]. 机械设计, 2024, 41(9): 34-40.
	SONG Yang, WANG Zehe, YI Jinggang. Design and simulation analysis of solid organic fertilizer applicator equipped with fertilizer loading and spreading device based on EDEM[J]. Journal of Machine Design, 2024, 41(9): 34-40.
[17]	李传明, 刘万荣. 节理岩体巷道围岩稳定性的颗粒离散元分析[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2017, 27(4): 133-138.
	LI Chuanming, LIU Wanrong. Particle discrete element method based analysis of stability of roadway surrounding joint rock mass[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2017, 27(4): 133-138.
[18]	MARKAUSKAS D, RAMIREZ-GOMEZ Á, KACIANAUSKAS R, et al. Maize grain shape approaches for DEM modelling[J]. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, 2015, 118: 247-258.
[19]	CHEN Zhengpu, WASSGREN C, VEIKLE E, et al. Determination of material and interaction properties of maize and wheat kernels for DEM simulation[J]. Biosystems Engineering, 2020, 195: 208-226.
[20]	PETINGCO M C, CASADA M E, MAGHIRANG R G, et al. Influence of particle shape and contact parameters on DEM-simulated bulk density of wheat[J]. Transactions of the ASABE, 2020, 63(6): 1657-1672.
[21]	刘强, 张茜茜, 刘涛, 等. 基于EDEM的粮食立筒仓卸料动态侧压力研究[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2023, 23(32): 13927-13933.
	LIU Qiang, ZHANG Qianqian, LIU Tao, et al. Dynamic lateral pressure of grain silo discharge based on EDEM[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2023, 23(32): 13927-13933.
[22]	游礼国. 圆台状筒仓储料卸料荷载分布研究[D]. 南京: 南京航空航天大学, 2018.
	YOU Liguo. Research on unloading and storage load distribution in frustum-shaped silo[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2018.
[23]	孙启帅. 立筒仓粮食散体卸料时动态侧压力及影响因素分析[D]. 郑州: 河南工业大学, 2022.
	SUN Qishuai. Analysis of dynamic lateral pressure and influencing factors during unloading of grain bulk in vertical silos[D]. Zhengzhou: Henan University of Technology, 2022.
[24]	ALBERTO D R, FRANCESCO P D M. Comparison of contact-force models for the simulation of collisions in DEM-based granular flow codes[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2004, 59(3): 525-541.
[25]	刘立意, 郝世杨, 张萌, 等. 基于CFD-DEM的稻谷通风阻力数值模拟与试验[J]. 农业机械学报, 2015, 46(8): 27-32, 158.
	LIU Liyi, HAO Shiyang, ZHANG Meng, et al. Numerical simulation and experiment on paddy ventilation resistance based on CFD-DEM[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2015, 46(8): 27-32, 158.
[26]	张伟健, 江善晨, 孔宪锐, 等. 基于离散元法的粉碎机筛网冲击特性与粉碎颗粒接触参数标定研究[J]. 农业机械学报, 2025, 56(4): 501-511.
	ZHANG Weijian, JIANG Shanchen, KONG Xianrui, et al. Analysis of impact characteristics of hammermill screen based on discrete element method and calibration of contact parameters of crushed particles[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery, 2025, 56(4): 501-511.
[27]	王超. 卸粮速率对筒仓卸粮成拱应力影响研究[D]. 郑州: 河南工业大学, 2023.
	WANG Chao. Influence of grain discharging rate on arching stress of discharging grain in silos[D]. Zhengzhou: Henan University of Technology, 2023.

粮食种类	形状	大小/ mm	颗粒数量/个	粗化倍数
小麦	椭球型	长轴:6.5; 短轴:3.5	3	5
玉米	类马齿型	长:14.2; 宽:9.7; 高:4.2	5	2.5
稻谷	椭球型	长轴:7.2; 短轴:3.1	3	10

序号	部位	质量/kg	序号	部位	质量/kg
1	头	3.52	7	左大腿	8.72
2	左大臂	2.12	8	右大腿	8.72
3	右大臂	2.12	9	左小腿	4.28
4	左小臂	1.2	10	右小腿	4.28
5	右小臂	1.2	11	左脚	1.52
6	胸	40.8	12	右脚	1.52
合计			80 kg

粮食种类	小麦	玉米	稻谷	粮仓
泊松比	0.25	0.23	0.4	0.33
弹性模量/MPa	600	298	110	3 000
密度/(kg·m^-3)	1 460	1 140	970	2 600
颗粒间恢复系数	0.5	0.56	0.6	—
颗粒与仓壁间恢复系数	0.6	0.66	0.6	—
颗粒间静摩擦因数	0.33	0.31	0.5	—
颗粒与仓壁间静摩擦因数	0.4	0.4	0.3	—
颗粒间滚动摩擦因数	0.05	0.38	0.16	—
颗粒与仓壁间滚动摩擦因数	0.03	0.22	0.01	—

平房仓粮堆埋人事故人体受力仿真分析

Simulation analysis of human pressure during accident of people entrapped in warehouse grain mass

RichHTML

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 14

参考文献 27

相关文章 1

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价