中国应急科学自主知识体系:构建逻辑与实践路径

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.06.0164

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为实现应急管理体系和能力现代化,系统阐述应急科学的学科体系、学术体系和话语体系,围绕应急科学的理论、方法和实践知识,探究中国应急科学自主知识体系的构建逻辑和实践路径。结果表明:中国应急科学自主知识体系的构建逻辑以学科体系为根基、学术体系为核心、话语体系为纽带。其中,学科体系的核心概念分为学科本体、管理体系和应急行为3种范畴,研究路径涵盖政治-社会、组织-制度和工程-技术3种范式。应急科学学术体系包括应急科学自主知识生产的演进逻辑、理论框架和前沿方法,演进阶段分为经验借鉴阶段、实践反思阶段、理论重塑阶段和体系构建阶段,理论框架包括情景推演、系统建模和理念凝练3种维度,研究方法涵盖多方法融合应用与智能化信息技术。应急科学话语体系具有问题导向、系统思维、实践指引的叙事特征,中国应急科学在全球应急治理理念、合作机构和知识生产上作出重要话语贡献。未来图景上,韧性治理与智慧应急共同构成应急科学自主知识体系的实践路径。

关键词: 中国应急科学, 自主知识体系, 构建逻辑, 实践路径, 学科体系, 学术体系, 话语体系

Abstract:

To achieve the modernization of the emergency management system and capacity, this paper systematically expounded the disciplinary, academic and discourse system of emergency science. Centering on the theoretical, methodological and practical knowledge of emergency science, it explored the construction logic and practical paths of the independent knowledge system of emergency science in China. The findings show that construction logic of the independent knowledge system of China's emergency science takes the disciplinary system as foundation, the academic system as core, and discourse system as link. Among them, the core concepts of disciplinary system are divided into three categories: disciplinary ontology, management system and emergency behavior. Its research paths cover three paradigms: political-social, organizational-institutional and engineering-technical paradigm. The academic system of emergency science includes the evolutionary logic, theoretical framework and application of cutting-edge methods of independent knowledge production in emergency science. Its evolutionary stages are divided into the experience-drawing stage, practice-reflecting stage, theory-reshaping stage and system-constructing stage. Its theoretical framework comprises three dimensions: scenario deduction, system modeling and concept refinement, and its research methods cover the integrated application of multiple methods and intelligent information technologies. The discourse system of emergency science features the narrative characteristics of problem orientation, systematic thinking and practice guidance. China's emergency science has made important discourse contributions to the governance philosophy, cooperative mechanisms and knowledge production of global emergency governance. In terms of future prospects, resilient governance and intelligent emergency response jointly constitute the practical paths of the independent knowledge system of emergency science.

Key words: China's emergency science, independent knowledge system, construction logic, practical paths, disciplinary system, academic system, discourse system

中图分类号:

X913安全系统学

佟瑞鹏, 王乾, 李昕阳, 邓盈祺, 郝彬鑫. 中国应急科学自主知识体系:构建逻辑与实践路径[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2026, 36(6): 1-8.

Tong Ruipeng, Wang Qian, Li Xinyang, Deng Yingqi, Hao Binxin. Independent knowledge system of China's emergency science:construction logic and practical paths[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(6): 1-8.

图/表 5

表1

图1

图2

图3

图4

参考文献 22

[1]	罗通元. 应急科学的基础理论研究进路[J]. 灾害学, 2023, 38(3): 198-204,211.
	Luo Tongyuan. Research approaches of the basic theory of emergency science[J]. Journal of Catastrophology, 2023, 38(3): 198-204, 211.
[2]	李文良. 学科、学术与话语: 国家安全学自主知识体系建构研究[J]. 国际安全研究, 2026, 44(1): 20-41,157-158.
	Li Wenliang. Research on the construction of an autonomous knowledge system in national security studies[J]. Journal of International Security Studies, 2026, 44(1): 20-41, 157-158.
[3]	汪超, 宋纪祥. 中国应急管理自主知识生产:框架、逻辑与路径[J]. 求实, 2024(3): 44-58,110.
	Wang Chao, Song Jixiang. Independent knowledge production for emergency management in China: framework, logic and path[J]. Truth Seeking, 2024 (3): 44-58, 110.
[4]	薛澜, 赵静. 构建中国公共管理自主知识体系恰逢其时:中国公共管理自主知识体系构建会议综述[J]. 公共管理评论, 2025, 7(3): 276-282.
	Xue Lan, Zhao Jing. Time for Chinese public management body of knowledge: review of the conference on building China's indigenous public management discourse[J]. China Public Administration Review, 2025, 7(3): 276-282. doi: 10.26599/CPAR.2025.9680312
[5]	张冠梓. 以总体国家安全观统领国家安全学自主知识体系的构建[J]. 思想战线, 2023, 49(3): 1-7.
	Zhang Guanzi. Building an independent intellectual system of national security studies with the holistic approach to national security[J]. Thinking, 2023, 49(3): 1-7.
[6]	高小平, 张桂蓉. 国家治理视角下应急管理学科的定位和框架[J]. 理论与改革, 2025(4): 91-103,175.
	Gao Xiaoping, Zhang Guirong. Positioning and framework of the emergency management discipline from the perspective of national governance[J]. Theory and Reform, 2025 (4): 91-103, 175.
[7]	罗云. 试论大安全大应急框架下的安全与应急科学治理[J]. 中国应急管理科学, 2023 (4): 13-25.
	Luo Yun. Scientific management of safety and emergency under the framework of great safety and great emergency[J]. Journal of China Emergency Management Science, 2023 (4): 13-25.
[8]	詹承豫, 徐明婧. 基于“情景应对-知识整合”的中国应急管理跨学科自主知识体系构建逻辑研究[J]. 公共管理与政策评论, 2024, 13(2): 3-16.
	Zhan Chengyu, Xu Mingjing. Research on the construction logic of China's autonomous interdisciplinary knowledge system of emergency management based on "scenario response-knowledge integration"[J]. Public Administration and Policy Review, 2024, 13(2): 3-16.
[9]	朱正威, 赵雅. 新安全格局下的应急管理体系:方向、意涵与路径[J]. 学海, 2024 (2): 130-145.
[10]	杨中楷, 林德明, 梁永霞. 技术科学的学科体系、学术体系与话语体系[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2023, 38(4): 614-621.
	Yang Zhongkai, Lin Deming, Liang Yongxia. Disciplinary system, academic system and discourse system of technological sciences[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2023, 38(4): 614-621.
[11]	吴超. 应急管理学的基础理论研究[J]. 安全, 2025, 46(1): 55-63.
	Wu Chao. Research on basic theories of emergency management science[J]. Safety & Security, 2025, 46(1): 55-63.
[12]	陈茁, 陈云松. 应急管理研究中的定量方法: 数据、因果和算法[J]. 中国行政管理, 2023, 39(11):139-147.
	Chen Zhuo, Chen Yunsong. Quantitative methods in emergency management research data causality and algorithms[J]. Chinese Public Administration, 2023, 39(11): 139-147.
[13]	Leppold C, Morrice H, Brady K, et al. Recovery work in cascading and compounding disasters: a qualitative study of community recovery workers in Australia[J]. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 2025, 116: DOI:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2024.105152.
[14]	佟瑞鹏, 王露露, 李虹玮, 等. 安全管理、风险管理与应急管理的关系探讨:基于大安全理念视角[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2021, 31(5): 36-44. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2021.05.006
	Tong Ruipeng, Wang Lulu, Li Hongwei, et al. Discussion on relationship between safety management, risk management and emergency management based on Macro-security view[J]. China Safely Science Journal, 2021, 31(5): 36-44.
[15]	钱洪伟, 王志豪. 我国现代应急学科发展的系统短板与路径选择[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(11):1-7. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.11.1158
	Qian Hongwei, Wang Zhihao. System shortboard and path choice of modern emergency science development in China[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(11): 1-7. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.11.1158
[16]	Song Xuan, Zhang Haoran, Akerkar R, et al. Big data and emergency management: concepts, methodologies, and applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Big Data, 2020, 8(2): 397-419.
[17]	钟开斌, 薛澜. 中国特色应急管理理论研究的基本图谱[J]. 中国社会科学, 2025 (1): 47-67,205.
	Zhong Kaibin, Xue Lan. The roadmap of emergency management theory research with Chinese characteristics[J]. Social Sciences in China, 2025 (1): 47-67, 205.
[18]	张海波. 中国自主的国家安全学知识体系:一个总体性框架[J]. 国家安全研究, 2023 (1): 28-41,150.
	Zhang Haibo. China's independent national security knowledge system: an overall framework[J]. China Security Studies, 2023 (1): 28-41, 150.
[19]	杨开峰, 曹嘉祺, 陈妹. 迈向应急治理: 公共管理视角下应急管理研究的进展与展望[J]. 治理研究, 2025, 41(3): 64-85,159.
	Yang Kaifeng, Cao Jiaqi, Chen Mei. Public health emergencies toward emergency governance: reflection on dealing with major[J]. Governance Studies, 2025, 41(3): 64-85, 159.
[20]	Aitsi-Selmi A, Murray V, Wannous C, et al. Reflections on a science and technology agenda for 21^st century disaster risk reduction[J]. International Journal of Disaster Risk Science, 2016, 7(1): 1-29. doi: 10.1007/s13753-016-0081-x
[21]	Zhu Yan, Liu Yun, Zhu Ling, et al. Natural or man-made disaster? lessons from the extreme rain and flood disaster in Zhengzhou, China on "2021.7.20"[J]. Sustainable Cities and Society, 2025, 118: DOI:10.1016/j.scs.2024.105999.
[22]	刘杨, 闫绪娴, 王俊丽, 等. 我国智慧应急研究:主题、脉络、争鸣与盲区[J]. 灾害学, 2025, 40(2): 119-125.
	Liu Yang, Yan Xuxian, Wang Junli, et al. Research on smart emergency response in China: themes, contexts, controversies and blind spots[J]. Journal of Catastrophology, 2025, 40(2): 119-125.

核心范畴	内涵	主要概念
学科本体范畴	学科本质属性与认识论基础	突发事件、应急、风险、安全等
管理体系范畴	宏观制度框架与运行规则	应急管理、应急体制、应急机制、应急法制等
应急行为范畴	实践活动与应急治理效能	风险评估、应急响应、应急演练、应急能力等