高温高湿低氧环境下人体生理与心理参数研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.06.1169

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究高温高湿低氧极端环境下施工人员的生理与热感觉变化特征,在环境温度(33、37、40 ℃)、相对湿度(80%)、氧体积分数(20.9%、18%、16%)条件下,组织被试以4 km/h速度进行跑步机运动试验。通过测量平均皮肤温度、出汗率等生理参数及疲劳程度、热感觉等心理参数,系统分析该复合环境对人体的影响。结果表明:环境温度主导生理响应,但高温下低氧通过显著交互作用(P<0.05)放大皮肤温升,37 ℃时低氧的温升效应较33 ℃增强近9倍;低氧对出汗率的影响随温度逆转,33 ℃时促进出汗,40 ℃极端高温下反抑制出汗10.6%,且个体差异显著增大(离散度17.4%),加剧热蓄积风险;低氧直接加速疲劳与热不适感累积,37 ℃为协同临界点(33和37 ℃下疲劳速率分别提高100%和50%,热不适感累积斜率增大),40 ℃时疲劳终值升高38%;胸部和上臂皮肤温升对低氧最敏感(增幅28%~33%),是高温高湿低氧环境中预警热应激的关键监测部位。

关键词: 高温高湿, 低氧环境, 生理参数, 心理参数, 热感觉

Abstract:

In order to explore the characteristics of physiological and thermal sensation changes of construction workers in extreme environments of high temperature, high humidity and low oxygen, under the conditions of ambient temperature (33, 37 40 ℃), relative humidity (80%) and oxygen concentration (20.9%,18%,16%), the participants were organized to carry out treadmill exercise test at a speed of 4 km/h. The effects of these compound environments on the human body were systematically analyzed by measuring physiological parameters, such as mean skin temperature and sweating rate, and psychological parameters, such as fatigue and thermal sensation. The results show that environmental temperature is the primary determinant of physiological responses, but hypoxia under high-temperature conditions significantly amplifies the increase in skin temperature through a significant interaction effect (p<0.05). At 37 ℃, the temperature-rise effect of hypoxia is nearly nine times greater than at 33 ℃. The influence of hypoxia on sweating rate reversed with temperature. Sweating is promoted at 33 ℃, but is inhibited by 10.6% under the extreme high temperature of 40 ℃. Inter-individual variability also increased significantly, with a dispersion increase of 17.4%, which aggravates the risk of heat accumulation. Hypoxia directly accelerated the accumulation of fatigue and thermal discomfort, with 37 ℃ identified as a synergistic critical point (fatigue rate increased by 100% at 33 ℃ and 50% at 37 ℃, and the cumulative slope of thermal discomfort also increased). At 40 ℃, the final fatigue level increases by 38%. The increases in skin temperature in the chest and upper arm are the most sensitive to hypoxia, with increases of 28% to 33%. These regions are key monitoring sites for heat stress warning in high-temperature, high-humidity, and low-oxygen environments.

Key words: high temperature and high humidity, hypoxic environment, physiological parameters, psychological parameters, thermal sensation

中图分类号:

冯国会, 刘谊鹏, 孙佳琳, 李兆星, 黄凯良. 高温高湿低氧环境下人体生理与心理参数研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2026, 36(6): 254-261.

Feng Guohui, Liu Yipeng, Sun Jialin, Li Zhaoxing, Huang Kailiang. Study on physiological indexes and psychological parameters of human body in high temperature, high humidity and low oxygen environment[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(6): 254-261.

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基本信息	平均值
年龄/岁	22.63±0.37
身高/m	1.79±0.06
体质量/kg	73.69±6.31
身体质量指数/(kg/m²)	22.93±1.28
体脂率/%	16.58±2.42
去脂体质量/kg	61.38±4.91
体表面积/m²	1.92±0.12

环境工况	温度/ ℃	湿度/%	氧体积分数/%	WBGT/℃
33 ℃/20.9%	32.9±0.2	80±1	20.9±0.1	32.7±0.2
33 ℃/18%	32.9±0.1	81±1	18.2±0.1	32.6±0.2
33 ℃/16%	33.0±0.1	80±2	16.1±0.2	32.7±0.1
37 ℃/20.9%	36.8±0.2	80±2	20.9±0.1	36.8±0.1
37 ℃/18%	36.7±0.2	79±1	18.1±0.2	36.6±0.1
37 ℃/16%	36.9±0.2	80±1	15.9±0.2	36.7±0.2
40 ℃/20.9%	39.8±0.3	80±2	20.8±0.1	39.6±0.3
40 ℃/18%	39.7±0.2	80±1	18.0±0.2	39.4±0.3
40 ℃/16%	39.8±0.2	79±1	16.1±0.1	39.6±0.2