消防员上下楼梯步态周期内不同部位衣下空气层变化特征

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.07.1090

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高个体防护装备工效性能,增强救援作业灵活性,依托可控环境人体工效试验平台开展试验,选取标准消防防护服与被试人员,划分上下楼梯步态周期为4类特征步相;采用三维扫描设备采集裸体、着装2种工况人体模型数据,借助Geomagic软件完成模型降噪优化,采用体积法与接触面积比率(CA)计算公式量化测算躯干、臀部、下肢多部位衣下空气层厚度及CA指标。结果表明:在整个步态周期中,躯干部位的空气层比下肢的空气层大,胸部、背部、腹部空气层厚度在35~40 mm之间,腿部和臀部的空气层厚度在25~30 mm之间;上楼弯曲腿空气层较直立腿的空气层厚度减少2 mm,下楼屈曲腿空气层因被动屈曲幅度小而变化较小,臀部空气层随髋部姿态转换波动;右腿、左腿及臀部的CA呈现出与肢体运动姿态紧密关联的动态变化特征,其中臀部呈现出较大的CA。

关键词: 消防员, 上下楼梯, 步态周期, 衣下空气层, 接触面积比率(CA)

Abstract:

To improve the ergonomic performance of firefighting personal protective equipment and enhance flexibility in rescue operations, human ergonomic tests were carried out on a controllable environmental test platform to quantify the air gap distribution under fire protective clothing during firefighters' stair ascent and descent. Test subjects completed stair ascent and descent movements, and each complete gait cycle was divided into four characteristic gait phases. Subsequently, 3D human body models of both nude and clothed states were obtained using 3D body scanning technology. Then, Geomagic software was used to denoise and optimize the scanned models. The air gap thickness and CA ratio of different body segments was calculated using the volumetric method and CA ratio formula. The results indicate that the air gap of the trunk is thicker than that of the lower limbs throughout the gait cycle. The air gap thickness of the chest, back, and abdomen ranges from 35 to 40 mm, while that of the legs and buttocks ranges from 25 to 30 mm. During stair ascent, the air gap thickness of bent legs is 2 mm thinner than that of straight legs. During stair descent, the air gap of flexed legs changes slightly due to the small amplitude of passive bending. The air gap of the buttocks fluctuates with the change of hip posture. The CA of the right leg, left leg, and buttocks shows dynamic changes closely associated with limb movement postures, with the buttocks exhibiting a higher CA values.

Key words: firefighters, stair ascent and descent, gait cycle, air gap, air gap, contact area (CA)

中图分类号:

谢岩磊, 杨杰. 消防员上下楼梯步态周期内不同部位衣下空气层变化特征[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2026, 36(7): 268-276.

Xie Yanlei, Yang Jie. Variation characteristics of air gaps under different clothing parts during firefighters' stair ascent and descent gait cycle[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(7): 268-276.

图/表 12

图1

表1

表2

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

表3

图7

表4

图8

参考文献 27

[1]	杨杰, 卢盈汝, 雷颖. 消防服多层织物热质耦合传递模型建立与验证[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(3): 253-260. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.03.0531
	Yang Jie, Lu Yingru, Lei Ying. Development and validation of a coupled multi-layered heat and mass transfer model of firefighting protective clothing[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(3): 253-260. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.03.0531
[2]	Konitzer L, Fargo M, Brininger T, et al. Association between back, neck, and upper extremity musculoskeletal pain and the individual body armor[J]. Journal of Hand Therapy: Official Journal of the American Society of Hand Therapists, 2008, 21(2): 143-149. doi: 10.1197/j.jht.2007.10.017
[3]	田水承, 周润康, 杨杰. 高温环境下降温服对消防员热反应的影响[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2020, 30(4): 166-171. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2020.04.026
	Tian Shuicheng, Zhou Runkang, Yang Jie. Effects of cooling garments on firefighters' thermal responses under high temperature[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2020, 30(4): 166-171. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2020.04.026
[4]	陀浩雯, 高品操, 张新新, 等. 不同应急救援任务下消防员行走生物力学特征研究[J]. 体育科技文献通报, 2024, 32(7): 275-279.
	Tuo Haowen, Gao Pincao, Zhang Xinxin, et al. Biomechanical characteristics of firefighters' walking in different emergency rescue tasks[J]. Bulletin of Sport Science and Technology, 2024, 32(7): 275-279.
[5]	吴翠翠, 李小森. 我国消防员体技能训练F-U-I联动机制研究[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2019, 38(11): 1589-1591.
	Wu Cuicui, Li Xiaosen. Research on the F-U-I linkage mechanism of the physical skill training of fire fighters in China[J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2019, 38(11): 1589-1591.
[6]	Deng Meng, Wang Yunyi, Li Peijing. Effect of air gaps characteristics on thermal protective performance of firefighters' clothing[J]. International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, 2018, 30(2): 246-267. doi: 10.1108/IJCST-07-2017-0103
[7]	Li Xiaohui, Wang Yunyi, Lu Yehu. Effects of body postures on clothing air gap in protective clothing[J]. Journal of Fiber Bioengineering and Informatics, 2011, 4(3): 277-283. doi: 10.3993/jfbi
[8]	Wang Shitan, Wang Xiuhua, Wang Yunyi. Effects of clothing ease and body postures on the air gap and clothing coverage[J]. International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, 2019, 31(4): 578-594. doi: 10.1108/IJCST-12-2018-0158
[9]	许轶超, 丁永生. 服装合体性评价的研究方法与应用进展[J]. 纺织学报, 2007, 28(10): 127-130.
	Xu Yichao, Ding Yongsheng. Research and application of garment fit assessments[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2007, 28(10): 127-130. doi: 10.1177/004051755802800204
[10]	张龙女, 王云仪, 李亿光. 油罐清洁连体作业服的开发和工效学评价[J]. 纺织学报, 2013, 34(8): 105-109.
	Zhang Longnü, Wang Yunyi, Li Yiguang. Development and ergonomic evaluation of overall for oil tank cleaners[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2013, 34(8): 105-109.
[11]	Milne M. 3D body scanning acceleration[J]. Textile Month, 2018, 33(3): 54-56.
[12]	Joshi A, Psikuta A, Bueno M A, et al. Effect of movement on convection and ventilation in a skin-clothing-environment system[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2021, 166: DOI:10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2021.106965.
[13]	Simmons K, Istook C. Body measurement techniques: comparing 3D body-scanning and anthropometric methods for apparel applications[J]. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 2003, 7(3): 306-332.
[14]	Fan Danyi, Ma Ximing, Wang Lijun. Hand measurement and analysis based on image and mark watershed algorithm[J]. International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, 2021, 33(5): 838-858. doi: 10.1108/IJCST-10-2020-0149
[15]	Mert E, Psikuta A, Bueno M A, et al. The effect of body postures on the distribution of air gap thickness and contact area[J]. International Journal of Biometeorology, 2017, 61(2): 1-13.
[16]	Song Guowen. Clothing air gap layers and thermal protective performance in single layer garment[J]. Journal of Industrial Textiles, 2007, 36(3): 193-205. doi: 10.1177/1528083707069506
[17]	Wang Shitan, Wang Xiuhua, Wang Yunyi. Effects of clothing ease and body postures on the air gap and clothing coverage[J]. International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology, 2019, 31(1): 23-27.
[18]	Mah T, Song Guowen. An investigation of the contribution of garment design to thermal protection. part II: instrumented female mannequin flash fire evaluation system[J]. Textile Research Journal, 2010, 80(14): 1473-1487.
[19]	Choi J, Kim H, Kang B, et al. Analysis of clothing air gap in a protective suit according to the body postures[J]. Journal of Fiber Bioengineering and Informatics, 2014, 7(4): 573-581. doi: 10.3993/jfbi
[20]	GA 10—2014 消防员灭火防护服[S].
	GA 10-2014 Fireman's protective clothing for firefighting[S].
[21]	Mert E, Psikuta A, Bueno M A, et al. Evaluation of change in air gap underneath the garment for various pro-longed body postures using 3D body scanning[J]. International Conference on 3D Body Scanning Technologies. 2014, 22(1): 42-50.
[22]	Psikuta A, Sherif F, Mert S A, et al. Clothing air gaps in various postures in firefighters' work[J]. International Journal of Biometeorology: Journal of the International Society of Biometeorology, 2023, 67(1): 121-131.
[23]	Wang Shitan, Wang Yunyi. Determination of dynamic air gap thickness and analysis of its relationship with firefighters joint movement[J]. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2024, 30(2): 635-650. doi: 10.1080/10803548.2024.2330240
[24]	王诗潭, 汪秀花, 王云仪. 连体服衣下间隙特征指标的确定及其在服装合体性评价中的应用[J]. 纺织学报, 2021, 42(9): 137-143.
	Wang Shitan, Wang Xiuhua, Wang Yunyi. Determination and application of air gap parameters in coverall fit analysis[J]. Journal of Textile Research, 2021, 42(9): 137-143. doi: 10.1177/004051757204200301
[25]	Psikuta A, Frackiewicz J, Frydrych I, et al. Quantitative evaluation of air gap thickness and contact area between body and garment[J]. Textile Research Journal, 2012, 82(14): 1405-1413. doi: 10.1177/0040517512436823
[26]	Choi J, Jin H. Effects of body postures on clothing air gap in a protective suit[J]. Proceedings of the ESK Conference, 2014, 4(3): 277-283.
[27]	Psikuta A, Mert E, Annaheim S, et al. 3D Body Scanning technology and applications in protective clothing[J]. Firefighters' Clothing and Equipment, 2018, 14(3): 302-313.

变异来源	自由度	统计量 F值	显著性概率值P值	效应量 η²
步态姿势A	3	11.85	<0.001	0.27
身体部位B	3	20.32	<0.001	0.39
交互效应	9	6.14	<0.001	0.22
误差	120	—	—	—

变异来源	自由度	统计量 F值	显著性概率值P值	效应量 η²
步态姿势A	3	10.92	<0.001	0.25
身体部位B	1	9.75	<0.01	0.20
交互效应	3	6.83	<0.001	0.23
误差	88	—	—	—