Abstract: Exothermic oxidation of coal is the main cause of spontaneous combustion. The combined thermal effect of coal and oxygen correlates with the rate of oxygen consumption and surface reactive heat. Through analysis it is obtained that q(z，n，CO2，T，d50)=h(Z)*g(n)*f(CO2)*I(T)*Ψ(d50).Among them, the structure of coal, environment temperature, oxygen consumption, and particulate distribution of coal are the main influential factors. According to Waish chemical structure model for coal spontaneous combustion, Bentain model, and the active surface structure, it is found that the spontaneous combustion of coal differs obviously with the kind, number and activity of the active surface structure of coal. Different oxidizing activity and process with different environment temperature produce different surface reactive heat. The external factors, namely the temperature of coal, oxygen concentration, and different particulate distribution, cause the different rate of oxygen consumption VO2 and different exothermic intensity. The results are tested by XK coal spontaneous combustion experiment set and XKS program temperature ascending experiment set.