消防员职业噪声暴露与听力损失研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.02.1199

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 244-248.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.02.1199

消防员职业噪声暴露与听力损失研究

崔红霞(), 吴慧莉, 郝柳思琪, 李冲, 王晨, 韦新法^**()

应急总医院耳鼻喉科,北京 100028

收稿日期:2024-09-12 修回日期:2024-11-18 出版日期:2025-02-28
通信作者:
**韦新法(1979—),男,河北石家庄人,本科,副主任医师,主要从事耳鼻喉科噪声听力损失等方面的研究。E-mail: weixinfawangjie@163.com。
作者简介:
崔红霞 (1988—),女,河北沧州人,本科,主治医师,主要从事噪声听力损失等方面的研究。E-mail:chx890506@163.com。
吴慧莉主任医师

Study on occupational noise exposure and hearing loss among firefighters

CUI Hongxia(), WU Huili, HAO-LIU Siqi, LI Chong, WANG Chen, WEI Xinfa^**()

Department of Otolaryngology, Emergency General Hospital, Beijing 100028, China

Received:2024-09-12 Revised:2024-11-18 Published:2025-02-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为防治职业噪声源对消防员早期听力损失,开展消防员职业接触噪声检测,评估消防员听力损失程度,量化消防员听力损失比率,进一步分析消防员听力检测结果与职业噪声暴露关系。结果表明:消防员接触的噪声强度超过作业场所噪声等级接触限值85 dB(A);对50名消防员的听力筛查结果中,噪声暴露后畸变耳声发射(DPOAE)听力筛查双耳未通过人数21人,占比为42.0%,通过率较正常人明显降低;纯音测听左/右耳听阈≥26 dB人数在6 kHz最多,人数在15和13时,占比为30.0%、26.0%;消防员职业噪声暴露高频环境中,听力损失明显。

关键词: 职业噪声源, 消防员, 听力损失, 畸变耳声发射(DPOAE), 纯音测听

Abstract:

To prevent and treat the early hearing loss of firefighters caused by occupational noise sources, the occupational noise exposure detection for firefighters was conducted, and the degree of hearing loss in firefighters was evaluated. The ratio of hearing loss in firefighters was quantified, and the relationship between the hearing test results of firefighters and occupational noise exposure was analyzed. The results indicate that the intensity of the noise source for firefighters exceeds the exposure limit of noise levels in the workplace of 85 dB(A). Among the hearing screening results of 50 firefighters, the number of people who falisd the distortion product otoacoustic emission hearing screening in both ears is 21, accounting for 42.0%, and the pass rate is significantly lower than that of normal individuals. The number of people with left/right ear pure tone audiometry hearing thresholds ≥ 26 dB is the greatest at 6 kHz, accounting for 30.0% and 26.0% at n =15 and n =13, respectively, suggesting high-frequency hearing loss in firefighters after occupational noise exposure.

Key words: occupational noise, firefighter, hearing loss, distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE), pure tone audiometry

中图分类号:

X966

崔红霞, 吴慧莉, 郝柳思琪, 李冲, 王晨, 韦新法. 消防员职业噪声暴露与听力损失研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(2): 244-248.

CUI Hongxia, WU Huili, HAO-LIU Siqi, LI Chong, WANG Chen, WEI Xinfa. Study on occupational noise exposure and hearing loss among firefighters[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(2): 244-248.

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参考文献 17

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项目	检测点/个	噪声检测峰值/dB(A)	波动范围/dB(A)
高压水枪	33	94.7	43.2~94.7
无齿锯	33	109.9	98.0~109.87
电动无齿锯	83	98.8	60.5~98.8
机动链锯	8	124.7	96.6~124.7
消防训练场	36	69.2	56.0~69.2

项目	全天等效声级 (L_Aeq,T)	一天8 h 等效声级 (L_{EX,8 h})	一天1 h 等效声级 (L_{EX,1 h})	8 h超标率/ %	1 h超标率/ %
无齿锯	100.10	100.23	101.10	17.92	7.56
电动无齿锯	89.34	89.46	90.34	5.25	-3.90
机动链锯	114.88	115.00	115.88	35.30	23.27

频率/Hz		500	1 000	2 000	3 000	4 000	6 000	8 000
左耳≥26 dB	人数	1	2	1	4	9	15	11
左耳≥26 dB	占比/%	2.00	4.00	2.00	8.00	18.00	30.00	22.00
右耳≥26 dB	人数	0	0	1	6	8	13	10
右耳≥26 dB	占比/%	0.00	0.00	2.00	12.00	16.00	26.00	20.00

消防员职业噪声暴露与听力损失研究

Study on occupational noise exposure and hearing loss among firefighters

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