截齿锥角对煤岩破碎产尘特征影响的试验及模拟研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.1249

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 64-72.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.05.1249

截齿锥角对煤岩破碎产尘特征影响的试验及模拟研究

荆德吉¹^,²^,³(), 董智斌¹^,³, 王德记¹^,^**(), 李振⁴, 刘鸿威²^,³, 鲍春花²^,³

¹ 辽宁工程技术大学矿业学院, 辽宁阜新 123000
² 辽宁工程技术大学安全科学与工程学院, 辽宁阜新 123000
³ 辽宁工程技术大学鄂尔多斯研究院, 内蒙古鄂尔多斯 017000
⁴ 吉林化工大学资源与环境工程学院, 吉林吉林 132000

收稿日期:2025-12-11 修回日期:2026-03-20 出版日期:2026-05-28
通信作者:
^** 王德记(1984—),男,陕西神木人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为粉尘防治理论与技术。E-mail: wdj838133064@163.com。
作者简介:
荆德吉 (1984—),男,辽宁抚顺人,博士,教授,主要从事粉尘防治理论与技术、矿井通风与职业安全健康等方面的研究。E-mail: jingdeji@lntu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助(52474229)

Experimental and simulation study on influence of pick cone angle on coal-rock fragmentation and dust-generation characteristics

Jing Deji¹^,²^,³(), Dong Zhibin¹^,³, Wang Deji¹^,^**(), Li Zhen⁴, Liu Hongwei²^,³, Bao Chunhua²^,³

¹ College of Mining Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin Liaoning 123000, China
² College of Safety Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin Liaoning 123000, China
³ Erdos Research Institute of Liaoning Technical University, Erdos Inner Mongolia 017000, China
⁴ College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jilin University of Chemical Technology, Jilin Jilin 132000, China

Received:2025-12-11 Revised:2026-03-20 Published:2026-05-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究煤矿井下掘进过程中截齿锥角对煤岩的破碎产尘特征,基于试验与离散元仿真模拟(DEM)多尺度综合分析方法,以78、92、105及118°锥角截齿为对象,通过掘进截割试验分析产生碎屑及粉尘粒度分布情况;采用颗粒流分析程序(PFC)软件中的平行黏结模型(PBM)进行仿真,准确模拟掘进中煤岩破碎产尘全过程;在截割头钻入和横摆2种工况下分析裂纹数量、种类以及最小离散颗粒数量、抛掷速度的发展变化趋势。结果表明:锥角增大时,煤壁碎屑粗糙度指数(CI)从728.92下降到696.91、粉尘占比从0.4%增至0.67%,煤壁破碎程度与产尘量随截齿锥角增大而提升;粉尘破碎指数上升、均匀性指数下降,表明产尘粒度分布范围扩大且小粒径粉尘比重增加;仿真模拟中煤壁裂纹总数从22 980条增长至27 272条,且拉伸裂纹占比均超 73%;最小粒径游离颗粒数量从371个增至459个,平均初始抛掷速度从0.250 m/s减至0.221 m/s。综上,增大截齿锥角在一定程度上加剧了产尘,但有助于抑制粉尘扩散范围。

关键词: 截齿锥角, 破碎产尘, 粒度分布, 平行黏结模型(PBM), 抛掷速度

Abstract:

To investigate the influence of pick cone angle on coal-rock fragmentation and dust generation characteristics during underground roadheading operations, a multi-scale integrated approach combining experimental tests and discrete element method (DEM) simulations was adopted. Four picks with cone angles of 78, 92, 105 and 118° were selected as research objects. Roadheading cutting tests were conducted to analyze the particle size distribution of generated debris and dust. DEM simulations using the PBM in Particle Flow Code (PFC) software accurately reproduced the entire process of coal-rock fragmentation and dust generation during roadheading. The evolution trends of crack quantity, crack type, number of minimum-sized discrete particles, and ejection velocity were analyzed under two operational modes of the cutting head: penetration and slewing. The results indicate that as the cone angle increases, the coarseness index (CI) of coal wall debris decreases from 728.92 to 696.91, while the dust proportion increases from 0.4% to 0.67%, demonstrating that the degree of coal wall fragmentation and dust generation increases with pick cone angle. The fragmentation index rises and the uniformity index declines, indicating a broader dust particle size distribution and a higher proportion of fine dust particles. Simulation results show that the total number of cracks on the coal wall increases from 22 980 to 27 272, with tensile cracks consistently accounting for over 73% of the total. The number of minimum-sized free particles increases from 371 to 459, and their average initial ejection velocity decreases from 0.250 m/s to 0.221 m/s. In summary, increasing the pick cone angle intensifies dust generation to a certain extent, but helps suppress the dispersion range of dust.

Key words: cone angle of pick, dust generation from fragmentation, particle size distribution, parallel bond model (PBM), ejection velocity

中图分类号:

X936

荆德吉, 董智斌, 王德记, 李振, 刘鸿威, 鲍春花. 截齿锥角对煤岩破碎产尘特征影响的试验及模拟研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2026, 36(5): 64-72.

Jing Deji, Dong Zhibin, Wang Deji, Li Zhen, Liu Hongwei, Bao Chunhua. Experimental and simulation study on influence of pick cone angle on coal-rock fragmentation and dust-generation characteristics[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(5): 64-72.

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粒径	筛余率/%
粒径	78°	92°	105°	118°
>20 mm	60.30	54.36	54.58	48.89
10~20 mm	82.19	76.87	77.59	71.56
0.85~10 mm	93.17	91.13	86.85	89.33
0.3~0.85 mm	96.54	96.02	92.91	93.46
0.18~0.3 mm	98.07	97.88	96.98	96.24
0.125~0.18 mm	99.05	98.77	98.50	98.10
75~125 μm	99.60	99.53	99.46	99.33
<75 μm	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
CI	728.92	714.56	706.87	696.91

粒径/μm	78°	92°	105°	118°
0	100.00	100.00	100.00	100.00
15	94.20	93.55	92.75	92.07
25	80.06	82.92	83.00	81.21
35	73.19	70.04	69.22	71.07
45	58.48	61.84	57.36	56.64
55	46.39	47.32	50.79	46.18
65	33.70	32.55	31.47	31.66
75	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

锥角/(°)	a	s
78	0.000 386 172	1.903 60
92	0.000 437 865	1.866 87
105	0.000 573 615	1.801 85
118	0.000 696 210	1.760 67

类别	单轴抗压强度/MPa	抗拉强度/MPa	弹性模量/GPa
物理试验	19.39	2.35	2.74
仿真标定	19.55	2.50	2.82

截齿锥角对煤岩破碎产尘特征影响的试验及模拟研究

Experimental and simulation study on influence of pick cone angle on coal-rock fragmentation and dust-generation characteristics

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锥角/(°)	工况	数量/颗	总计
78	钻入	171	371
78	横摆	200	371
92	钻入	193	424
92	横摆	231	424
105	钻入	208	453
105	横摆	245	453
118	钻入	212	459
118	横摆	247	459