低频振动下铀尾矿库滩面覆盖物控氡效果研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.03.021

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (3): 152-157.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.03.021

低频振动下铀尾矿库滩面覆盖物控氡效果研究

刘杰豪¹(), 刘永¹^,²^,^**(), 洪昌寿¹, 徐正华³

¹南华大学资源环境与安全工程学院,湖南衡阳 421000
²深圳大学物理与光电工程学院, 广东深圳 518000
³南华大学数理学院,湖南衡阳 421000

收稿日期:2021-12-13 修回日期:2022-02-16 出版日期:2022-08-23 发布日期:2022-09-28
通讯作者: 刘永
作者简介:
刘杰豪 (1996—),男,湖南常德人,硕士研究生,研究方向为铀尾矿库退役治理理论与技术、核安全与应急管理等。E-mail: 455170759@qq.com。
刘永教授, 洪昌寿讲师, 徐正华副教授
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目资助(11875164); 国防科工局“十三五”技术基础科研项目(2018年)(JSZL2018403B001); 国防科工局关于技术基础科研“十三五”第六批项目(JSZL2019403C001); 湖南省教育厅科研项目重点项目(18A232)

Study on radon control performance of mulch on beach surface of uranium tailings reservoirs under low frequency vibration

LIU Jiehao¹(), LIU Yong¹^,²^,^**(), HONG Changshou¹, XU Zhenghua³

¹School of Resource Environment and Safety Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan 421000,China
²College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Guangdong 518000,China
³College of Mathematics and Science, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan 421000,China

Received:2021-12-13 Revised:2022-02-16 Online:2022-08-23 Published:2022-09-28
Contact: LIU Yong

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究铀尾矿库滩面和周边环境安全,基于数值分析与试验模拟,找出控氡效果良好的滩面覆盖物。以南方某铀尾矿为例,比较沸石、石膏粉、粉煤灰3种覆盖物对抑制铀尾矿库滩面氡析出的影响,选出最优覆盖物,开展15、20、25 Hz频率累积振动下的控氡效果试验,验证覆盖物控氡性能差异。结果表明:不同覆盖物对抑制氡析出率有不同效果,在覆盖物厚度相同的情况下,覆盖材料中添加沸石层对抑制铀尾矿库氡析出率效果比加入石膏粉层或粉煤灰层的效果更优。随着振动频率增大,控氡效果更为显著。

关键词: 低频振动, 铀尾矿库滩面, 控氡效果, 覆盖物, 氡析出率, 沸石

Abstract:

In order to study safety of uranium tailings reservoir beach and its surrounding area, numerical analysis and experimental simulation were utilized to find the mulch with good radon control performance. With a uranium tailings in south China as an example, effects of three kinds of covering materials (zeolite, gypsum powder and fly ash) on radon exhalation from beach surface of the reservoir were compared, and the best material was selected. Then, radon control experiments under 15,20,25 Hz frequency cumulative vibration were conducted to verify difference in control performance of the mulch. The results show that different mulches have different effects in inhibiting radon exhalation rate, and for the case of same mulch depth, addition of zeolite layer to covering material results in better performance in restraining radon exhalation rate than that of gypsum powder or fly ash layer. With the increase of vibration frequency, radon control performance will be more remarkable.

Key words: low frequency vibration, uranium tailings reservoir beach, radon control performance, mulch, radon exhalation rate, zeolite

刘杰豪, 刘永, 洪昌寿, 徐正华. 低频振动下铀尾矿库滩面覆盖物控氡效果研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(3): 152-157.

LIU Jiehao, LIU Yong, HONG Changshou, XU Zhenghua. Study on radon control performance of mulch on beach surface of uranium tailings reservoirs under low frequency vibration[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(3): 152-157.

图/表 9

表1

表2

南方某铀矿区矿石化学组成

样品	$W (S i O 2)$	$W (A l 2 O 3)$	$W (F e 2 O 3)$	W_(FeO)	$W (K 2 O)$	$W (N a 2 O)$	W_(CaO)	W_(MgO)	$W (T i O 2)$	W_U	Ra/(Bq·g^-1)
矿石	80.54	10.21	2.71	0.73	4.20	0.11	0.33	0.30	0.15	0.14	28.65
尾矿	81.18	9.54	3.38	0.14	3.99	0.13	0.17	0.08	0.13	0.04	33.79

表2

图1

图2

表3

图3

图4

图5

图6

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国家	氡析出率/ (Bq·m^-2·s^-1)	γ外照剂量率/ (μGy·h^-1)	公众计量/ (mSv·a^-1)	年均氡子体α潜能浓度/(μJ·m^-3)	尾矿库安全年限/a
中国	0.74	0.2	0.25	0.02(≤0.03)	100
俄罗斯	0.74	2.5×10³	1.0	—	—
德国	0.74	0.2	1.0	20	300
美国	0.74	本底+0.17	0.1	0.02(≤0.03)	1 000
法国	1.0	0.2	—	250	—
加拿大	—	—	1.0	0.02	1 000
澳大利亚	0.74	0.2	1.0	0.02(≤0.03)	300

覆盖层情况	裸砂覆盖层	添加不同覆盖材料的覆盖层
覆盖层情况	氡析出率/ (Bq·m^-1·s^-1)	氡析出率/ (Bq·m^-1·s^-1)	氡降低系数
沸石	0.25	0.07	3.57
粉煤灰		0.13	1.92
石膏粉		0.14	1.78

低频振动下铀尾矿库滩面覆盖物控氡效果研究

Study on radon control performance of mulch on beach surface of uranium tailings reservoirs under low frequency vibration

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