睡眠剥夺下不同睡眠类型持续性注意及HRV节律研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.10.1242

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确睡眠类型差异对个体认知绩效的影响,利用睡眠类型互补性原则差异化、科学化设计早晚班、夜班团队成员的搭配,提升作业人员的安全效能。采用固定作息法对不同睡眠类型参与者进行30 h睡眠剥夺,测量其心率变异性(HRV)和持续性注意(SUA)水平。同时采用卡罗林斯卡嗜睡量表(KSS)、早晨型-夜晚型问卷(MEQ)、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数问卷(PSQI),测量睡眠剥夺下不同睡眠类型的参与者疲劳程度。结果表明: 在30 h睡眠剥夺中,夜晚型HRV时域指标差异更为明显(RMSSD=38.301±17.056,P<0.001),其波动和幅度更剧烈,周期性更显著。3种睡眠类型KSS分值整体呈上升趋势,中间型KSS分值与HRV频域指标交叉相关性最高(LF/HF=0.769,P<0.05)。早晨型较高SUA水平保持在11:00—17:00,正确率线性回归系数绝对值在1.5×10^-4~1.7×10^-4,中间型保持在07:00—12:00,夜晚型与前两者相比差异较大。

关键词: 睡眠剥夺, 睡眠类型, 持续性注意(SUA), 心率变异性(HRV), 昼夜节律

Abstract:

In order to elucidate the impact of varying sleep patterns on cognitive performance, this study leveraged the principle of complementarity among different chronotypes. This approach guided the strategic pairing of personnel for morning, evening, and night shifts, with the goal of enhancing operational safety and efficiency. The research involved a regimen of fixed sleep schedules, subjecting individuals with distinct sleep preferences to 30 hours of sleep deprivation. During this period, participants' HRV and levels of sustained attention were closely monitored. Moreover, the study utilized several established tools to evaluate fatigue in sleep-deprived individuals: the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS), the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Findings revealed that, throughout the sleep deprivation period, individuals with a preference for evening activities exhibited significantly more pronounced variations in HRV time-domain indicators (RMSSD=38.301±17.056, P<0.001). These variations were characterized by greater fluctuation intensity and amplitude, as well as more evident periodicity. KSS scores across all chronotypes show a general upward trend, with those of intermediate chronotypes displaying the highest correlation with HRV frequency-domain indicators (LF/HF=0.769, P<0.05). Morning-oriented individuals demonstrated higher levels of sustained attention between 11:00 AM and 5:00 PM, with accuracy rate linear regression coefficients ranging from 1.5 to 1.7 (×10^-4). In contrast, individuals with intermediate sleep patterns peaked in attention from 7:00 AM to 12:00 PM, while evening-oriented participants exhibited significantly different patterns compared to the other two groups.

Key words: chronotype, sleep deprivation, sustained attention(SUA), heart rate variability (HRV), circadian rhythm

中图分类号:

X949

李敬强, 张雪萌, 张焕晰, 王庆福. 睡眠剥夺下不同睡眠类型持续性注意及HRV节律研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(10): 238-246.

LI Jingqiang, ZHANG Xuemeng, ZHANG Huanxi, WANG Qingfu. Investigation on impact of sleep deprivation on sustained attention and HRV rhythm across different chronotypes[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(10): 238-246.

图/表 9

图1

图2

表1

3种睡眠类型HRV统计分析结果

HRV		夜晚型( $x -$ ±s)	中间型( $x -$ ±s)	早晨型( $x -$ ±s)	克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯检验	渐进显著性
RMSSD /ms		38.301±17.056^***	43.018±24.669^***	50.472±19.957^***	3.046	0.218
LF/HF	FFT范围	3.286±1.913^***	2.939±1.527^***	1.943±0.901^***	5.540	0.063
LF/HF	AR范围	12.388±10.465^***	9.763±17.250^***	3.788±2.599^***	6.900	0.032
ApEn		1.425±0.104^***	1.441±0.092^***	1.486±0.074^***	3.516	0.172

表1

图3

表2

3种睡眠类型KSS分值统计分析结果

睡眠类型	主观嗜睡自评	$x -$ ±s	弗里德曼检验	线性回归系数
夜晚型	KSS	4.77±4.25	126.834^*	0.727^*
中间型	KSS	5.13±4.83	338.972^*	0.887^*
早晨型	KSS	4.77±4.23	286.265^*	0.820^*

表2

图4

图5

表3

表4

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睡眠类型	主观嗜睡自评	CCA
		与RMSSD		与LF/HF		与ApEn
		交叉相关性	Δφ/h	交叉相关性	Δφ/h	交叉相关性	Δφ/h
夜晚型	KSS	0.459^*	0	0.312	2	-0.640^*	2
中间型	KSS	0.960^*	0	0.769^*	1	-0.960^*	0
早晨型	KSS	0.669^*	0	0.736^*	-1	-0.894^*	1

睡眠类型	SUA-TTS (绝对值)	CCA
		与RMSSD		与LF/HF		与ApEn		与KSS
		交叉相关性	Δφ/h	交叉相关性	Δφ/h	交叉相关性	Δφ/h	交叉相关性	Δφ/h
夜晚型	反应时线性回归	0.424^*	-2	0.450^*	0	-0.413^*	0	0.847^*	-2
夜晚型	正确率线性回归	-0.278	3	-0.464^*	0	0.389	3	-0.701^*	-1
睡眠类型	SUA-TTS (绝对值)	交叉相关分析
		与RMSSD		与LF/HF		与ApEn		与KSS
		交叉相关性	Δφ/h	交叉相关性	Δφ/h	交叉相关性	Δφ/h	交叉相关性	Δφ/h
中间型	反应时线性回归	0.688^*	-3	0.565^*	-3	-0.783^*	-3	0.668^*	-3
中间型	正确率线性回归	-0.727^*	-3	-0.758^*	-3	0.875^*	-3	-0.782^*	-3
早晨型	反应时线性回归	0.352	2	0.235	-1	-0.440^*	3	0.543^*	2
早晨型	正确率线性回归	0.778^*	-1	0.741^*	-3	-0.915^*	0	0.892^*	-1