老化对木材燃烧特性的影响机制研究进展

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.12.0083

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为有效保护木结构古建筑免受火灾威胁,探讨老化对木材燃烧特性的影响机制。从热解、有焰燃烧、阴燃燃烧及火焰蔓延4个方面系统探讨木材燃烧行为基础上,对比分析自然老化与人工加速老化木材的燃烧特性,并结合木材燃烧的烟气生成特性及木结构建筑火焰蔓延行为,分析老化对木材火灾危险性的影响。研究结果表明:木材的老化通过改变其内部组成和炭化程度,显著降低木材的力学性能,进而减弱耐火能力并影响烟气生成。同时,老化木材表现出的理化性能与结构特征变化,促使木结构古建筑在火灾初期火焰蔓延加快,但老化对木材炭化机制的研究仍不够充分,尚未明确老化方式及环境条件对燃烧后期火灾动力学特征的影响。实际中仍需整合材料科学与结构力学等多学科知识,综合评估老化对木结构古建筑火灾危险性的影响,实现木结构建筑的火灾安全防护。

关键词: 老化, 木结构古建筑, 燃烧特性, 影响机制, 烟气生成, 火焰蔓延

Abstract:

To protect wooden buildings from fire threat, the influence mechanism of aging on wood burning characteristics was discussed. Firstly, the combustion behavior of wood was systematically discussed in four aspects: pyrolysis, flame combustion, smoldering combustion and flame spread. Secondly, the combustion characteristics of naturally aged wood and artificially accelerated aged wood were compared and analyzed. Finally, the effects of aging on wood fire risk were analyzed based on the smoke generation characteristics of wood combustion and the flame-spreading behavior of wood structure buildings. The results show that the mechanical properties of wood are significantly reduced by changing the internal composition and carbonization degree of wood, thus weakening the fire resistance and affecting the smoke generation. At the same time, the changes in physical and chemical properties and structural characteristics of aged wood promote the fire spread of ancient wooden buildings in the initial stage of fire. However, the study on the mechanism of wood carbonization by aging is still insufficient, and the influence of aging mode and environmental conditions on the dynamic characteristics of fire at the later stage of combustion has not been clarified. To evaluate the impact of aging on the fire risk of ancient wooden buildings, it is essential to integrate material science and structural mechanics for effective fire safety measures.

Key words: aging, wooden ancient buildings, combustion characteristics, influence mechanism, smoke generation, fire spread

中图分类号:

X932爆炸安全与防火、防爆

王凯, 郝丹萍, 周彪, 蒋晨旸. 老化对木材燃烧特性的影响机制研究进展[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(12): 34-39.

WANG Kai, HAO Danping, ZHOU Biao, JIANG Chenyang. Research progress on influence mechanism of aging on wood combustion characteristics[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(12): 34-39.

图/表 1

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