隧道病害健康诊断及维修加固技术研究综述

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.11.0116

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (11): 139-148.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.11.0116

隧道病害健康诊断及维修加固技术研究综述

蒋宇静¹^,²^,³(), 潘竹田², 张学朋¹^,²^,^**(), 李宁博⁴

¹ 山东科技大学露天煤矿灾害防治与生态保护全国重点实验室,山东青岛 266590
² 山东科技大学安全与环境工程学院,山东青岛 266590
³ 长崎大学工学研究科, 日本长崎 852-8521
⁴ 水利部水利水电规划设计总院,北京 100120

收稿日期:2025-06-14 修回日期:2025-08-18 出版日期:2025-11-28
通信作者:
^** 张学朋副研究员 (1989—),男,山东滨州人,博士,副研究员,主要从事隧道及地下工程灾害防控理论与技术方面的研究。E-mail: zhangxuepeng0722@126.com。
作者简介:
蒋宇静教授 (1962—),男,江苏靖江人,博士,教授,日本工程院外籍院士,主要从事矿山及地下工程灾害防控理论与技术方面的研究。E-mail: jiang@nagasaki-u.ac.jp。
李宁博高级工程师。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助(52109132); 山东省高等学校青年创新团队发展计划(2024KJH065)

Review on diseased tunnel health diagnosis and reinforcement technologies

JIANG Yujing¹^,²^,³(), PAN Zhutian², ZHANG Xuepeng¹^,²^,^**(), LI Ningbo⁴

¹ State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Ecology Protection in Open-pit Coal Mines, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao Shandong 266590, China
² College of Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao Shandong 266590, China
³ School of Engineering, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
⁴ General Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design, Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100120, China

Received:2025-06-14 Revised:2025-08-18 Published:2025-11-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为减少隧道衬砌病害,延长隧道的安全使用年限,从隧道病害诊断和维修加固角度出发,构建隧道衬砌病害诊断框架,探索病害隧道维修加固手段。通过综述分析隧道病害健康诊断及维修加固技术的应用现状,系统梳理各类检测技术的优缺点,总结病害诊断方法与补强措施。研究结果表明:无损检测技术已从单一化、半自动化向集成化、智能化发展,声波法、地质雷达法、激光扫描等技术在效率与精度上各有特性,摄影测量与多传感器融合的自动检测系统逐步应用但存在多病害同步检测瓶颈;维修加固技术中,传统方法难以满足低成本、高安全性需求,纤维增强复合材料(FRP)等新型技术虽具优势但存在成本高、环境适应性不足等问题。

关键词: 病害隧道, 衬砌病害, 无损检测, 健康诊断, 维修加固技术

Abstract:

In order to reduce tunnel lining diseases and extend the safe service life, a diagnostic framework for tunnel lining diseases was constructed, and maintenance and reinforcement methods for diseased tunnels were explored from the perspectives of diagnosis and reinforcement. The application status of technologies for diagnosing tunnel diseases and maintaining/reinforcing tunnels was reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of various detection technologies were systematically identified, and disease diagnosis methods and reinforcement measures were summarized. The results show that non-destructive testing technologies have evolved from single/semi-automatic to integrated/intelligent systems. Acoustic wave, ground-penetrating radar, and laser scanning technologies have different efficiency and accuracy characteristics. Although automatic detection systems integrating photogrammetry and multi-sensor fusion have gradually been applied, they face challenges in the synchronous detection of multiple diseases. Traditional maintenance and reinforcement technologies are difficult to meet the requirements of low cost and high safety. Although new technologies such as Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) are advantageous, they have issues such as high cost and insufficient environmental adaptability.

Key words: disease tunnels, lining diseases, non-destructive testing, health diagnosis, maintenance and reinforcement technology

中图分类号:

蒋宇静, 潘竹田, 张学朋, 李宁博. 隧道病害健康诊断及维修加固技术研究综述[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(11): 139-148.

JIANG Yujing, PAN Zhutian, ZHANG Xuepeng, LI Ningbo. Review on diseased tunnel health diagnosis and reinforcement technologies[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(11): 139-148.

图/表 4

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衬砌病害类型	病害子类	描述
表面损伤	裂缝	衬砌的横向、纵向和环向裂缝,是其他病害的外在表现
	剥落	衬砌表面出现小面积剥落(表面砂浆或浅层混凝土剥落)、片状剥落(粗骨料外露、钢筋外露)及层状剥落(内部层状破坏导致大面积坍塌)
	渗漏水	隧道渗漏水(渗流、滴水、流水、涌水)、隧道衬砌周围积水及地下水流侵蚀
内部损伤	空洞	衬砌与围岩之间未进行回填且存在空洞,危险性与位置及规模相关
内部损伤	钢筋锈蚀	混凝土碳化、氯离子侵蚀及潮湿环境将直接(暴露)或间接加速钢筋的化学反应,导致铁元素氧化
结构异化	衬砌变形	整体变形(垂直压扁、横向压扁);局部变形(拱顶下弯、仰拱上鼓、边墙内鼓、拱顶上翘、仰拱下弯、边墙外鼓)
结构异化	管片错位	在衬砌施工缝或变形缝处,相邻衬砌管片在环向(圆周方向)或纵向(隧道轴线方向)出现错台与不平整
材质劣化	混凝土老化退化	老化:随着时间推移,受水泥水化反应长期作用及环境因素影响,材料的物理力学性能逐渐出现不可逆的劣化劣化:指材料性能因物理、化学、生物等因素单独或共同作用而发生的退化,具体表现为混凝土碳化及强度降低

隧道病害健康诊断及维修加固技术研究综述

Review on diseased tunnel health diagnosis and reinforcement technologies

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