考虑社会关系影响的小学生疏散行为研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.12.023

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (12): 144-151.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.12.023

考虑社会关系影响的小学生疏散行为研究

马亚萍^1,2 讲师, 李丽华³ 副教授, 张辉^**4 教授

1 武汉理工大学中国应急管理研究中心, 湖北武汉 430070;
2 武汉理工大学安全科学与应急管理学院,湖北武汉 430070;
3 中国人民公安大学侦查与反恐怖学院,北京 100038;
4 清华大学工程物理系,北京 100084

收稿日期:2019-09-13 修回日期:2019-11-22 出版日期:2019-12-28 发布日期:2020-11-24
通讯作者: ** 张辉(1966—),男,福建厦门人,博士,教授,主要从事公共安全等方面的研究工作。E-mail: zhhui@tsinghua.edu.cn。
作者简介:马亚萍 (1989—),女,河南郑州人,博士,讲师,主要从事人员疏散、舆情分析等方面的研究。E-mail: mayp18@whut.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC083300);国家自然科学基金资助(91646201,U1633203);武汉理工大学新教师自主创新项目(2019IVA011)。

Study on evacuation behaviors of primary school pupils considering social relations

MA Yaping^1,2, LI Lihua³, ZHANG Hui⁴

1 China Research Center for Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan Hubei 4300702, China;
2 School of Safety Science and Emergency Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan Hubei 430070, China;
3 School of Criminal Investigation and Counter Terrorism, People' Public Security University of China, Beijing 100038, China;
4 Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Received:2019-09-13 Revised:2019-11-22 Online:2019-12-28 Published:2020-11-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 公共场所中小学生人群是一种具有高伤亡风险特征的典型群体。为探究小学生应急疏散行为特征,定量化分析社会关系对小学生疏散追随行为的影响,面对不同年级小学生群体开展楼梯疏散试验,耦合社会网络分析等方法,将学生群体常态社会关系网络和应急疏散追随关系网络可视化,提出社会关系对人员疏散追随行为影响度和应急疏散领导者的计算方法。结果表明:社会关系对小学生人员疏散追随行为的影响程度与其年龄和性别有关,对高年级小学生影响大于其对低年级小学生的影响。小学生群体领导者更容易在男性同学中产生。相同人数下,高年级小学生较低年级小学生更容易产生领导者。小学生疏散领导者部分来自常态意见领袖,个体的运动速度和人格特征影响其是否成为领导者。

关键词: 小学生, 应急疏散, 社会关系, 追随行为, 领导者, 社会网络分析

Abstract: The primary school pupils in public places are a kind of groups with high risk of casualties. In order to explore the characteristics of evacuation behaviors of primary school pupils, and to analyze the influence of social relations on their followership behaviors in emergency quantitatively, evacuation experiments were carried out for different grades of primary school students. The social network in normal and the followership network in emergency evacuation of students were created and visualized by introducing social network analysis methods. The new methods to calculate influence of social relations on students' followership behavior and to extract the leader during evacuation were proposed. The results show that the influence of social relations on followership behavior of primary school pupils is related to their age and gender, and the influence on high-grade pupils is greater than that on lower-grade pupils, that male pupils are more likely to become leaders, and more leaders may emerge among the lower-grade pupils compared to high-grade pupils by the same amounts, that part of the leaders in emergency are same to opinion leaders in normal circumstance, and that the movement speed as well as personality characteristics of individuals are factors influencing whether he could be a leader.

Key words: primary school pupils, emergency evacuation, social relations, following behavior, leader, social network analysis

中图分类号:

X928.03

马亚萍, 李丽华, 张辉. 考虑社会关系影响的小学生疏散行为研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2019, 29(12): 144-151.

MA Yaping, LI Lihua, ZHANG Hui. Study on evacuation behaviors of primary school pupils considering social relations[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2019, 29(12): 144-151.

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考虑社会关系影响的小学生疏散行为研究

Study on evacuation behaviors of primary school pupils considering social relations

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