高温环境下气藏型储气库泥岩盖层密封性评价

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.02.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究高温作用对泥岩盖层密封性的影响,从理论上剖析储气库盖层产生热应力的 3种形式,在室内试验的基础上,分析泥岩在高温环境下力学损伤程度和盖层物性封闭评价指标随温度变化特征。结果表明:高温环境下泥岩整体结构性能降低,400 ℃左右是泥岩在周期热应力作用下损伤的阈值温度;高温作用会显著改变泥岩盖层物性封闭特征,400 ℃左右是泥岩丧失物性封闭能力的阈值温度。对某气藏型储气库盖层的实证研究和分析结果显示,目标盖层温度区间尚未超过阈值温度,认为泥岩盖层具有良好的封闭性能;评价结果能够反映泥岩盖封的真实情况。

关键词: 气藏型储气库, 泥岩, 盖层密封性, 高温作用, 热应力, 物性封闭

Abstract:

In order to explore influence of high temperature on sealing performance of mudstone caprocks, three forms of thermal stress generated by gas storage caprocks were theoretically analyzed. Then, based on laboratory tests, mechanical damage degree of mudstone and changes of caprock sealing assessment indicators in high temperature environment were analyzed. The results show that the overall structural performance of mudstone is reduced under high temperature, with 400 ℃ being generally the threshold temperature for its damage under action of periodic thermal stress. High temperature will significantly change the physical sealing characteristics of mudstone caprocks, and when it is around 400 ℃, which is the threshold, sealing ability will be lost. According to empirical research and analysis results of caprocks in a gas reservoir type gas storage, temperature range of target caprock has not exceeded the threshold. It is believed that the mudstone caprock has good sealing performance, and evaluation result can reflect the true situation of mudstone capping.

Key words: gas reservoir type gas storage, mudstone, caprock sealing, high temperature effect, thermal stress, physical sealing

骆正山, 段远哲, 王小完, 张新生. 高温环境下气藏型储气库泥岩盖层密封性评价[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(2): 74-82.

LUO Zhengshan, DUAN Yuanzhe, WANG Xiaowan, ZHANG Xinsheng. Evaluation on sealing performance of mudstone caprocks of gas reservoir-type gas storage in high temperature environment[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(2): 74-82.

图/表 12

图1

图2

表1

泥岩不同温度单轴压缩下的试验数据

温度t/℃	峰值应力 $σ p$ /MPa	峰值应变 $ε p$ / $10 - 2$	弹性模量 E/GPa	单轴抗压强度 $δ L$ /MPa	损伤变量 $D t$	盖层临界压力 $p f c$ /MPa
25	61.957	0.616	14.010	51.545	0	51.545
100	99.544	0.599	14.931	74.895	-0.066	79.838
200	146.824	0.754	16.012	106.020	-0.143	121.181
400	242.350	1.040	22.472	155.743	-0.604	249.812
600	38.727	0.693	5.915	29.767	0.578	12.562
700	36.328	1.197	4.093	27.633	0.708	8.069
800	29.664	0.874	3.175	23.801	0.773	5.403

表1

图3

图4

图5

表2

泥岩不同温度巴西劈裂下的试验数据

温度t/℃	峰值应力 $σ p$ /MPa	峰值应变 $ε p$ / $10 - 2$	弹性模量 E/GPa	抗压强度 $σ b$ /MPa	损伤变量 D_t	盖层临界压力 $p f c$ /MPa
25	4.071	0.783	5.507	6.193	0	6.193
100	6.606	0.851	7.003	8.998	-0.272	11.445
200	9.351	1.022	6.929	12.737	-0.258	16.023
400	15.857	1.282	9.227	18.711	-0.676	31.360
600	2.526	0.896	2.998	3.576	0.456	1.945
700	2.345	1.032	2.094	3.320	0.620	1.262
800	1.935	1.017	1.815	2.860	0.671	0.941

表2

图6

图7

图8

图9

表3

参考文献 22

[1]	International Gas Union. 2015-2018 triennium report of working committee 2:underground gas storage[C]. 27^th World Gas Conference, 2018: 12-18.
[2]	杨冬冬, 陈国明, 师吉浩, 等. 海洋平台爆炸事故后果动态评估方法[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2020, 30(11): 121-126. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2020.11.018
	YANG Dongdong, CHEN Guoming, SHI Jihao, et al. A dynamic assessment method for consequences of explosion accidents on offshore platforms[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2020, 30(11): 121-126. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2020.11.018
[3]	惠文颖, 牛健壮, 何旭, 等. 泄漏原油水面池火燃烧特性试验研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2019, 29(12): 53-58. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.12.009
	HUI Wenying, NIU Jianzhuang, HE Xu, et al. Experimental study on burning characteristics of spilled crude oil pool fires on water surface[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2019, 29(12): 53-58. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2019.12.009
[4]	孙军昌, 胥洪成, 王皆明, 等. 气藏型地下储气库建库注采机理与评价关键技术[J]. 天然气工业, 2018, 38(4): 138-144.
	SUN Junchang, XU Hongcheng, WANG Jieming, et al. Injection-production mechanisms and key evaluation technologies for underground gas storages rebuilt from gas reservoirs[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2018, 38(4): 138-144.
[5]	马新华, 郑得文, 申瑞臣, 等. 中国复杂地质条件气藏型储气库建库关键技术与实践[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2018, 45(3): 489-499.
	MA Xinhua, ZHENG Dewen, SHEN Ruichen, et al. Key technologies and practice for gas field storage facility construction of complex geological conditions in China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018, 45(3): 489-499.
[6]	王晓波, 李剑, 王东良, 等. 天然气藏盖层研究进展及发展趋势[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2010, 31(6): 664-668.
	WANG Xiaobo, LI Jian, WANG Dongliang, et al. Research progress and development trend of natural gas caprock[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2010, 31(6): 664-668.
[7]	林建品, 贾善坡, 刘团辉, 等. 枯竭气藏改建储气库盖层封闭能力综合评价研究:以兴9枯竭气藏为例[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2015, 34(增2): 4099-4107.
	LIN Jianpin, JIA Shanpo, LIU Tuanhui, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of sealing ability of mudstone cap rock for xing 9 depleled gas reservoir in reconstructing underground gas storage[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2015, 34(S2): 4099-4107.
[8]	孙明亮, 柳广弟, 李剑. 气藏的盖层特征及划分标准[J]. 天然气工业, 2008, 28(8): 36-38,137.
	SUN Mingliang, LIU Guangdi, LI Jian. Features of cap rocks of gas pools and criteria of identification[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2008, 28(8): 36-38,137.
[9]	张立含, 周广胜. 气藏盖层封气能力评价方法的改进及应用:以我国46个大中型气田为例[J]. 沉积学报, 2010, 28(2): 388-394.
	ZHANG Lihan, ZHOU Guangsheng. Improvement and application of the methods of gas reservoir cap sealing ability[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2010, 28(2):388-394.
[10]	舒萍, 高涛, 王海燕, 等. 大庆油田升平储气库盖层密封性划分标准及评价[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发, 2019, 38(5): 272-276.
	SHU Ping, GAO Tao, WANG Haiyan, et al. Cap rock sealing-property classifying standard and evaluation of Shengping gas storage in Daqing oilfiled[J]. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2019, 38(5): 272-276.
[11]	范明, 陈宏宇, 俞凌杰, 等. 比表面积与突破压力联合确定泥岩盖层评价标准[J]. 石油实验地质, 2011, 33(1): 87-90.
	FAN Ming, CHEN Hongyu, YU Lingjie, et al. Evaluation standard of mudstone caprock combining specific surface area and breakthrough pressure[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2011, 33(1): 87-90.
[12]	BEREST P, DJIZANNE H, BROUARD B. Rapid depressurizations: can they lead to irreversible damage?[C]. Saskatchewan Solution Mining Research Institute Spring 2012 Technical Conference, 2012:1-20.
[13]	林建伟, 高经武, 武晋文, 等. 基于边界效应模型对高温后花岗岩断裂破坏预测[J]. 重庆理工大学学报:自然科学, 2020, 34(5): 99-106,156.
	LIN Jianwei, GAO Jingwu, WU Jinwen, et al. Prediction of fracture failure of post-high-temperature granite based on boundary effect model[J]. Journal of Chongqing University of Technology: Natural Science, 2020, 34(5): 99-106,156.
[14]	齐消寒, 马恒, 王晓琪, 等. 热冲击对煤岩细观损伤及力学特性影响研究[J]. 中国安全科学报, 2020, 30(12): 85-92.
	QI Xiaohan, MA Heng, WANG Xiaoqi, et al. Impacts of thermal shocks on meso-damage and mechanical properties of coal[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2020, 30(12): 85-92. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn 1003-3033.2020.12.012
[15]	李建君, 敖海兵, 巴金红, 等. 热应力对盐穴储气库稳定性的影响[J]. 油气储运, 2017, 36(9): 1007-1012, 1018.
	LI Jianjun, AO Haibing, BA Jinhong, et al. Influence of thermal stress on the stability of salt-cavern gas storage[J]. Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation, 2017, 36(9): 1007-1012, 1018.
[16]	廖伟, 刘国良, 陈如鹤, 等. 气藏型地下储气库动态密封性评价:以新疆H地下储气库为例[J]. 天然气工业, 2021, 41(3): 133-141.
	LIAO Wei, LIU Guoliang, CHEN Ruhe, et al. Evaluation on the dynamic sealing capacity of underground gas storages rebuilt from gas reservoirs: a case study of xinjiang H underground gas storage[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2021, 41(3): 133-141.
[17]	张连英, 张树娟, 茅献彪, 等. 考虑温度效应的泥岩损伤特性试验研究[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报, 2012, 29(6): 852-858.
	ZHANG Lianying, ZHANG Shujuan, MAO Xianbiao, et al. Experimental research on thermal damage properties of mudstone at a high temperature[J]. Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering, 2012, 29(6): 852-858.
[18]	于庆磊, 郑超, 杨天鸿, 等. 基于细观结构表征的岩石破裂热-力耦合模型及应用[J]. 岩石力学与工程学报, 2012, 31(1): 42-51.
	YU Qinglei, ZHENG Chao, YANG Tianhong, et al. Meso-structure characterization based on coupled thermal-mechanical model for rock failure process and applications[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, 2012, 31(1): 42-51.
[19]	郑雅丽, 孙军昌, 邱小松, 等. 油气藏型储气库地质体完整性内涵与评价技术[J]. 天然气工业, 2020, 40(5): 94-103.
	ZHENG Yali, SUN Junchang, QIU Xiaosong, et al. Connotation and evaluation technique of geological integrity of UGSs in oil-gas fields[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2020, 40(5): 94-103.
[20]	何涛, 曹雅娴. 高温后岩石三轴变形及渗透率演化规律[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2018, 35(11): 107-111,116.
	HE Tao, CAO Yaxian. Triaxial deformation and permeability evolution law of rock after high temperature[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2018, 35(11): 107-111,116.
[21]	何国幸, 胡玉禄, 魏嘉, 等. 华北地温场特征[J]. 科技信息, 2009(31): 823-824.
[22]	陈显学. 双6储气库密封性评价研究[C]. 2018年全国天然气学术年会论文集(01地质勘探), 2018:148-154.

试件编号	t/℃	初始渗透率/ (10^-13m²)	加温后渗透率/ (10^-13m²)
1	25	5.774	4.456
2	100	4.902	5.356
3	200	7.923	6.843
4	300	5.283	1.749×10¹
5	400	12.437	2.547×10²
6	600	5.641	8.721×10²
7	700	7.412	4.603×10³
8	800	3.522	7.439×10³
9	1 000	3.375	7.982×10³