考虑事故风险的地铁站医疗救援点选址研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.06.2189

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 186-192.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.06.2189

考虑事故风险的地铁站医疗救援点选址研究

潘恒彦¹(), 梁婷婷², 高志翔³, 沈威宇³, 王永岗¹^,^**()

1 长安大学运输工程学院,陕西西安 710064
2 西安交通工程学院土木工程学院,陕西西安 710300
3 东北林业大学交通学院,黑龙江哈尔滨 150040

收稿日期:2022-01-15 修回日期:2022-04-16 出版日期:2022-06-28 发布日期:2022-12-28
通讯作者: 王永岗
作者简介:
潘恒彦 (1994—),男,山东德州人,博士研究生,主要研究方向为交通规划与安全。E-mail: HyPan7@chd.edu.cn。
王永岗,教授

Study on location of medical rescue points in subway stations considering risk of accidents

PAN Hengyan¹(), LIANG Tingting², GAO Zhixiang³, SHEN Weiyu³, WANG Yonggang¹^,^**()

1 College of Transportation Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an Shaanxi 710064, China
2 School of Civil Engineering, Xi'an Traffic Engineering Institute,Xi'an Shaanxi 710300, China
3 School of Traffic and Transportation, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin Heilongjiang 150040, China

Received:2022-01-15 Revised:2022-04-16 Online:2022-06-28 Published:2022-12-28
Contact: WANG Yonggang

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决地铁站事故下应急救援点问题,从客流、设备、环境、管理4个方面,基于逼近理想解排序(TOPSIS)法,建立车站事故风险评价模型。结合地铁车站的事故风险等级、实际救援需求、救援点的应急救援能力,以及救援过程中车辆实际运行情况,建立能够实现完成救援任务总耗时最少的改进P-中值选址模型,以及单位时间内营救量最大的改进最大覆盖问题(MCLP)模型,并运用模拟退火算法求解结果。结果表明:与传统模型相比,改进的P-中值模型与改进的MCLP模型更具优势,该模型考虑站点事故风险,使事故隐患高的站点优先获得救援。改进的MCLP模型适用于救援需求量未知时的情况,而改进P-中值模型适用于对伤亡情况较为了解、救援任务明确的情况。

关键词: 事故风险, 医疗救援点, 通过理想解排序(TOPSIS), 改进P-中值模型, 最大覆盖问题(MCLP)模型

Abstract:

In order to address issues of emergency rescue points under subway station accidents, an evaluation model of station accident risk was established based on TOPSIS method starting from four aspects: passenger flow, equipment, environment, and management. The improved P-median site selection model, which achieved the least total time spent to complete the rescue task, and the improved MCLP site selection model, which maximized the rescue volume per unit time, were established by combining the accident risk level of a subway station, actual rescue demand, rescue point's capacity for emergency rescue, and actual operation of vehicles during the rescue process. The simulated annealing algorithm was applied to obtain the results. The results are as follows: the improved P-median model and the improved MCLP model have more advantages compared with the traditional model. The stations with high accident potential were given priority for rescue considering the station accident risk. The improved MCLP model is preferred when the rescue demand is unknown, while the improved P-median model is preferred when the casualty situation is relatively well understood and the rescue task is clear.

Key words: risk of accidents, medical rescue site, technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS), improved P-median model, maximum covering location problem(MCLP) model

潘恒彦, 梁婷婷, 高志翔, 沈威宇, 王永岗. 考虑事故风险的地铁站医疗救援点选址研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(6): 186-192.

PAN Hengyan, LIANG Tingting, GAO Zhixiang, SHEN Weiyu, WANG Yonggang. Study on location of medical rescue points in subway stations considering risk of accidents[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(6): 186-192.

图/表 10

表1

地铁车站事故风险评估指标体系

指标分类	指标
客流指标A	高峰时刻站台饱和度 $A 1$
	高峰时刻通道拥挤度 $A 2$
	高峰时刻楼梯拥挤度 $A 3$
	高峰时刻客流量 $A 4$
	高峰时刻持续时间 $A 5$
设备指标B	设备故障率 $B 1$
	设备更新率 $B 2$
	设备维修保养合格率 $B 3$
	安全标识完备率 $B 4$
环境指标C	近5年暴力事件事故次数 $C 1$
	近5年火灾次数 $C 2$
	近5年踩踏事故次数 $C 3$
	外部疏散道路拥堵情况 $C 4$
管理指标D	安全技术人员配备率 $D 1$
	员工应急排演频率 $D 2$
	员工应急培训情况 $D 3$
	应急预案水平 $D 4$

表1

表2

改进P-中值模型参数说明

参数		说明
问题参数	d_ij/km	救援点j与车站i的最短路径长度
	v_ij/ (km·h^-1)	救援点j对车站i救护过程中的行程速度
	h_ij/人	救援点j对车站i的乘客救援量
	n_i/人	车站i的救援需求总量
	$i 、 j$	车站、救援点编号
	$I 、 J$	车站、救援点集合
	p	救援点备选总数
	w_i	车站i的事故风险等级
	T₁/h	救援行程时间
	T₂/h	救援等待时间
	s_j/辆	救援点j的急救车总数
	e_ij/ (人·h^-1)	救援点j对车站i的单位时间救援量
	x_j	1, $∑ i ∈ I q i j > 0$ ,表示救援点j有救援车派出; 0, $∑ i ∈ I q i j = 0$ ,表示救援点j无救援车派出
	$y i j$	1, $q i j > 0$ ,表示救援点j对车站i派出急救车; 0, $q i j = 0$ ,表示救援点j对车站i未派出急救车
决策变量	q_ij/辆	救援点j对车站i派出的急救车

表2

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考虑事故风险的地铁站医疗救援点选址研究

Study on location of medical rescue points in subway stations considering risk of accidents

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