基于三域融合的公共空间疏散引导标志布局优化

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.07.1809

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为实现公共空间人群快速引导疏散,优化设计疏散引导标志系统布局。基于行人和标志尺寸,较为精确地提取引导需求和标志可安装位置,建立基于安全经济原则的疏散引导标志系统布局优化设计模型。通过分析影响行人认知的主要因素,包括障碍物、视野、字体尺寸以及方向决策行为,构建基于感知域-识别域-决策域融合的行人与标志交互模型。为求解和验证模型的有效性,提出基于安装角度离散化的模型求解算法,建立考虑行人与标志交互的疏散仿真模型,并采用仿真分析和模型比较验证交互模型。研究结果表明:由于模型更全面地考虑行人与标志交互影响因素,能够提供包含最优数量、安装位置、安装角度以及字体大小等信息的疏散标志布局方案,并且该方案可提升人群疏散效率和稳定性;通过敏感性分析评估标志字体尺寸和行人疏散跟随概率对疏散标志最优数量的影响。

关键词: 三域融合, 公共空间, 引导标志, 布局优化, 疏散仿真

Abstract:

In order to realize high-efficiency evacuation in public spaces, the layout optimization method of the evacuation guidance signage system was investigated. The information demand and candidate signage locations were abstracted accurately based on the size of the pedestrian's body and signage. The optimization-based layout design model of the evacuation guidance signage system was built from the perspective of safety and economy. A three-region integration-based model was established to model the interaction between pedestrians and signage by analyzing the influencing factors on human cognition, such as obstacles, the field of view, letter size and direction-decision behavior. In order to solve the proposed model and validate its effectiveness, the solution algorithm was proposed based on the orientation discretization and the evacuation simulation model was built by considering the interaction between pedestrians and signage. The model was validated by the simulation and model comparison results. The results show that the evacuation signage layout plan including optimal number, location, orientation and letter size can be produced by our model because much more factors are incorporated into the interaction between pedestrians and signage and the plan resulting from the proposed model can realize high-efficiency and stable crowd evacuation. The effects of letter size and the following probability of pedestrians during evacuation on the optimal number of signs are evaluated by sensitive analysis.

Key words: three-region integration, public space, guidance signage, layout optimization, evacuation simulation

张蜇, 木合塔拜尔·拜合提亚尔, 闫姝蓉, 贾利民. 基于三域融合的公共空间疏散引导标志布局优化[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(7): 181-189.

ZHANG Zhe, BAIHETIYAER Muhetabaier, YAN Shurong, JIA Limin. Optimization of public space evacuation guidance signage layout based on three-region integration[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(7): 181-189.

图/表 13

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

表1

图8

图9

图10

图11

图12

参考文献 20

[1]	CHEN Chunxiao, LI Qiang, KANEKO S, et al. Location optimization algorithm for emergency signs in public facilities and its application to a single-floor supermarket[J]. Fire Safety Journal, 2009, 44(1):113-120. doi: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2008.05.006
[2]	ZHANG Zhe, JIA Limin, QIN Yong. Optimal number and location planning of evacuation signage in public space[J]. Safety Science, 2017, 91:132-147. doi: 10.1016/j.ssci.2016.07.021
[3]	XIE Hui, FILIPPIDIS L, GWYNNE S, et al. Signage legibility distances as a function of observation angle[J]. Journal of Fire Protection Engineering, 2007, 17(1):41-64. doi: 10.1177/1042391507064025
[4]	宋冰雪, 吴宗之, 谢昱姝, 等. 导向标志可见域的实验研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2012, 8(2):16-22.
	SONG Bingxue, WU Zongzhi, XIE Yushu, et al. Experimental study on the visibility catchment area of direction sign[J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2012, 8(2):16-22.
[5]	宋冰雪, 吴宗之, 谢振华. 考虑导向标志影响的行人疏散模型研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2011, 21(12):27-33.
	SONG Bingxue, WU Zongzhi, XIE Zhenhua. Study on occupant evacuation model considering influence of direction sign[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2011, 21(12):27-33.
[6]	李昌华, 何海彤, 李智杰, 等. 烟雾场景下的人员疏散仿真研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2020, 30(4):86-92. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2020.04.014
	LI Changhua, HE Haitong, LI Zhijie, et al. Simulation of personal evacuation in smoke scenario[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2020, 30(4):86-92. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2020.04.014
[7]	SCHNELL T, YEKHSHATYAN L, DAIKER R. Effect of luminance and text size on information acquisition time from traffic signs[J]. Transportation Research Record, 2009, 2122(1):52-62. doi: 10.3141/2122-07
[8]	EIGENTLER K. Experiences with LED-based visual guidance systems in tunnels[J]. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2006, 21(3/4):DOI:10.1016/j.tust.2005.12.039. doi: 10.1016/j.tust.2005.12.039
[9]	周慧, 代张音, 范芮雯, 等. 疏散指示标志安装高度对应急疏散效率的影响[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2022, 22(11):4660-4667.
	ZHOU Hui, DAI Zhangyin, FAN Ruiwen, et al. Influence of evacuation indicator installation height on emergency evacuation efficiency[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2022, 22(11):4660-4667.
[10]	SHAO Minhua, XIE Congcong, SUN Lijun, et al. Optimal layout of static guidance information in comprehensive transportation hubs based on pedestrian pathfinding behavior[J]. Sustainability, 2019, 11(13): 36-84. doi: 10.3390/su11010036
[11]	CHU J C, YEH C Y. Emergency evacuation guidance design for complex building geometries[J]. Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 2012, 18(4):288-296. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000080
[12]	ZHANG Zhe, JIA Limin, QIN Yong. Location-allocation model for the design of guidance signage systems for pedestrian wayfinding in public spaces[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2021, 22(12):7531-7546. doi: 10.1109/TITS.2020.3004000
[13]	凤四海, 王志杰, 邓捷, 等. 引入恐慌因素的元胞自动机应急疏散模型[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2022, 32(4):148-154. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.04.022
	FENG Sihai, WANG Zhijie, DENG Jie, et al. Cellular automata model for emergency evacuation considering panic factor[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2022, 32(4):148-154. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2022.04.022
[14]	魏娟, 郭阳勇, 游磊, 等. 一种基于多出口环境的人群疏散改进模型[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2020, 30(7):139-145. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2020.07.021
	WEI Juan, GUO Yangyong, YOU Lei, et al. An improved crowd evacuation model for a multi-exit environment[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2020, 30(7):139-145. doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2020.07.021
[15]	ZHOU Min, DONG Hairong, WANG Xiao, et al. Modeling and simulation of crowd evacuation with signs at subway platform: a case study of beijing subway stations[J]. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 2022, 23(2):1492-1504. doi: 10.1109/TITS.2020.3027542
[16]	DUBEY R K, KHOO W P, MORAD M G, et al. AUTOSIGN: a multi-criteria optimization approach to computer aided design of signage layouts in complex buildings[J]. Computers & Graphics, 2020, 88:13-23. doi: 10.1016/j.cag.2020.02.007
[17]	马明明, 龚建华, 李文航, 等. 基于虚拟眼动实验的指向型应急疏散标识布局优化方法[J]. 武汉大学学报:信息科学版, 2020, 45(9):1386-1394.
	MA Mingming, GONG Jianhua, LI Wenhang, et al. Layout optimization of the directional emergency evacuation signs based on virtual reality eye?tracking experiment[J]. Geomatics and Information Science of Wuhan University, 2020, 45(9):1386-1394.
[18]	马晓辉. 基于VR的医院应急疏散认知实验与时空行为研究[D]. 北京: 中国科学院大学, 2019.
	MA Xiaohui. Research of cognition experiment and spatio-temporal behavior of hospital emergency evacuation based on VR[D]. Beijing: University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2019.
[19]	DAGNELIE G. Visual prosthetics: physiology, bioengineering, rehabilitation[M]. New York: Springer, 2011:106-110.
[20]	GB 13495.1—2015, 消防安全标志第1部分: 标志[S].
	GB 13495.1-2015, Fire safety signs Part 1: signs[S].

模型	交互因素			模型结果对比
模型	感知域	识别域	决策域	标志数量	引导信息需求覆盖比例/%	安装角度	平均疏散时间/s	疏散时间标准差
模型1	圆形	圆形	否	7	39.8	否	60.5	12.43
模型2	圆形	扇形	否	10	52.9	是	47.1	9.25
模型3	扇形	圆形	是	31	92.8	是	19.3	3.67
文中模型	扇形	式(9)	是	35	100	是	16	0.23