铁路客运站区应急管理体系改革发展逻辑探析:以北京市为例

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.07.2232

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (7): 164-172.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.07.2232

铁路客运站区应急管理体系改革发展逻辑探析:以北京市为例

丛威青¹^,²(), 胡成³^,^**(), 姜传胜⁴

¹ 北京大学经济学院,北京 100091
² 北京市重点站区管理委员会应急工作处,北京 100055
³ 北京市科学技术研究院城市安全与环境科学研究所应急管理研究中心,北京100054
⁴ 中国安全生产科学研究院安全生产理论与法规标准研究所,北京 100012

收稿日期:2023-02-11 修回日期:2023-05-12 出版日期:2023-07-28
通讯作者:
^** 胡成(1977—),男,江苏东海人,博士,副研究员,主要从事人员密集场所、大型活动风险评估和应急管理等方面的研究。E-mail: hu_cheng@126.com。
作者简介:
丛威青 (1980—),男,山东日照人,博士,副研究员,主要从事应急管理、产业经济学等方面的研究。E-mail:wqcong@163.com。
姜传胜,正高级工程师
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41977408); 北京市科学技术研究院创新培育项目(23CB008); 中国安全生产科学研究院科研项目(2019YFC08107-JY202206)

Analysis on reform logic of emergency management system in railway passenger stations area: a case study in Beijing

CONG Weiqing¹^,²(), HU Cheng³^,^**(), JIANG Chuansheng⁴

¹ School of Economics, Peking University, Beijing 100091, China
² Emergency Work Department, Beijing Key Station Area Management Committee, Beijing 100055, China
³ Emergency Managment Research Center, Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100054, China
⁴ Institute of Safety Theory and Regulations and Standards, China Academy of Safety Science & Technology,Beijing 100012,China

Received:2023-02-11 Revised:2023-05-12 Published:2023-07-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为从长周期视角厘清铁路客运站地区应急管理体系改革发展逻辑,以北京市铁路客运站区为例,回溯其过去近20年的应急管理体系改革发展历程,着重分析2019年改革前后的特征及其相关问题变化,借以辨析揭示变革优化背后的共性特征和趋势。研究结果表明:2013年铁路政企分开改革后,仍然存在路地位置颠倒和属地管理分散等深层次体制问题,2019年北京改革解决部分应急体制问题,但2021年北京西站“5·1”旅客大规模滞留事件则凸显新体制下偏应急机制层面的问题,包括站区缓冲空间狭小、监测预警机制不健全、先期处置能力不足,以及统筹市级力量先天不足等。综合北京和上海、成都等地实践经验看,铁路客运站区应急管理体系改革发展的逻辑主线是动态跟踪解决铁路与属地、属地城市政府所建立的站区综合管理机构与车站所属具体行政区域之间的2个矛盾,应急管理体系的发展趋势是建立以综合协调、属地为主、铁路配合为特征的统一综合应急管理机构,应急体系建设的核心任务是提高铁路客运站区统筹协调指挥能力。

关键词: 铁路客运站区, 应急管理体系, 改革发展逻辑, 应急体制, 应急机制

Abstract:

In order to clarify the reform and development logic of the regional emergency management system of railway passenger stations from the perspective of a long period, taking Beijing railway passenger station area as an example, the reform and development process of its emergency management system in the past 20 years were retrospectively reviewed, and the characteristics and changes of related problems before and after the reform in 2019 were emphatically analyzed, and the common characteristics and trends behind the reform and optimization of the emergency system of railway passenger station area were revealed. The research found that despite the reform of separating government from enterprise in 2013, there are still some deep-seated institutional problems, such as the reversed location of the railway and local government, and decentralized territorial administration; Beijing's reform in 2019 solved some of the problems. However, the "5.1" large-scale passenger detention incident at Beijing West Railway Station in 2021 highlighted the problems at the emergency mechanism level under the new system, such as the narrow buffer space of the station area, the imperfect monitoring and early-warning mechanism, the lack of early handling capacity, and the inherent lack of coordination of municipal power. Based on the practice and experience of Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu and other places, it proves to be the main logic of the reform and development of an emergency management system of the railway passenger station area to dynamically track and solve the contradictions between railway and the territory, the comprehensive management organization of station area established by the municipal government and the specific administrative region to which the station belongs. It is the development trend of the emergency management system of the passenger station area to establish a unified comprehensive emergency management organization characterized comprehensive coordination, territorial dependency and railway cooperation, and the core task of emergency management system construction is to improve the ability of overall planning, coordination and command.

Key words: railway passenger station area, emergency management system, reform and development logic, emergency system, emergency mechanism

丛威青, 胡成, 姜传胜. 铁路客运站区应急管理体系改革发展逻辑探析:以北京市为例[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(7): 164-172.

CONG Weiqing, HU Cheng, JIANG Chuansheng. Analysis on reform logic of emergency management system in railway passenger stations area: a case study in Beijing[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(7): 164-172.

图/表 1

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铁路客运站区应急管理体系改革发展逻辑探析:以北京市为例

Analysis on reform logic of emergency management system in railway passenger stations area: a case study in Beijing

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