断层影响下采动覆岩与地表移动特征

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.12.0126

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研究开采扰动下含有断层工作面的覆岩及地表响应情况,首先采用数值模拟、理论分析和现场实测等方法,研究临近断层工作面采动影响下覆岩及地表运移和应力响应特征;其次建立数值模拟模型,结合“裂断拱”和“应力拱”分析临近断层工作面开采覆岩破坏和采场应力响应特征;然后建立断层面滑移力学模型,并结合断层滑移倾向性指标Q_s定量分析断层上盘开采断层面活化倾向性;最后采用现场实测方法,分析郑州矿区大平煤矿采动影响下断层上盘地表移动变形特征。结果表明:开采扰动下“裂断拱”的发育最大宽度达到221.5 m,最大发育高度达到110 m,宽高比约为1∶2;含有断层工作面“应力拱”特征,呈现非对称结构;随着断层面埋深的增加,断层面滑移倾向性呈现出先增后减再增的趋势,在弯曲下沉带同等埋深滑移倾向性缓增、在裂隙带同等埋深区域呈现出先减后增、在垮落带同等埋深区域呈现出快速增加;断层上盘开采保护煤柱留设30 m断层未活化,大平煤矿的基岩移动角和边界角较郑州矿区一般地质条件下工作面上的分别偏小8.8和4.6°,较同煤矿无断层工作面基岩移动角偏小6.7°。

关键词: 断层影响, 覆岩运移, 地表移动, 采场应力, 滑移倾向性

Abstract:

In order to study the overlying rock and surface response of working faces with faults under mining disturbance, numerical simulation, theoretical analysis, and on-site measurement methods were first used to study the characteristics of overlying rock and surface migration and stress response under the influence of mining near fault working faces. Secondly, a numerical simulation model was established and the characteristics of overlying rock failure and stress response in the mining area near the fault working face were analyzed by combining "fracture arch" and "stress arch". Then, a mechanical model of fault plane slip was established, and the activation tendency of the fault plane in the mining of the hanging wall of the fault was quantitatively analyzed by combining the fault slip tendency index Q_s. Finally, the on-site measurement method was used to analyze the surface movement and deformation characteristics of the fault hanging wall under the influence of mining in Daping coal mine in the Zhengzhou mining area. The research findings indicate that under mining disturbances, the maximum width of "fracture arch" development reaches 221.5 m, and the maximum height reaches 110 m, resulting in a width-to-height ratio of approximately 1∶2. The faulted working face exhibits characteristics of "stress arch" with an asymmetric structure. With the increase of fault depth, the slip tendency of the fault surface shows a trend of increasing, then decreasing, and increasing again. In the curved subsidence zone at the same depth, the slip tendency gradually increases. In the fissure zone at the same depth, it initially decreases before increasing again. In the collapsed zone at the same depth, it increases rapidly. The protective coal pillar on the hanging wall of the fault is left with a 30 m fault that is not activated. The bedrock movement angle and boundary angle of Daping coal mine are 8.8 and 4.6 degrees smaller than those on the working face under general geological conditions in the Zhengzhou mining area, respectively, and 6.7 degrees smaller than those on the working face without faults in the same coal mine.

Key words: fault influence, overburden migration, surface movement, stope stress, slip tendency

郭文兵, 刘玄, 杨伟强, 吴鹏飞, 张伊辉. 断层影响下采动覆岩与地表移动特征[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(12): 38-46.

GUO Wenbing, LIU Xuan, YANG Weiqiang, WU Pengfei, ZHANG Yihui. Characteristics of mining overburden and surface movement under influence of faults[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(12): 38-46.

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岩层	密度/ (kg·m^-3)	体积模量/ GPa	剪切模量/ GPa	黏聚力/ MPa	内摩察角/ (°)	抗拉强度/ MPa	节理法向刚度/ (GN·m^-1)	节理切向刚度/ (GN·m^-1)
表土层	1 960	0.28	0.093	1.70	25	0.35	0.20	0.20
泥岩	2 250	4.39	2.27	2.16	26	3.80	0.18	0.18
砂质泥岩	2 580	2.56	2.36	0.90	36	2.06	2.36	2.36
中粒砂岩	2 700	3.31	2.50	4.92	37	2.86	5.00	5.00
粉砂岩	2 580	3.98	3.26	4.28	35	2.55	7.60	7.60
细粒砂岩	2 540	2.70	1.88	2.36	23	1.32	0.49	0.49
煤	1 400	1.10	0.73	1.54	22	0.90	1.00	1.00
石灰岩	2 800	4.53	1.69	9.80	36	3.80	4.60	4.60
断层带	2 150	4.31	2.30	2.20	20	1.80	0.22	0.22

名称		基岩移动角/(°)	基岩边界角/(°)
名称		上山	上山
郑州矿区	范围	65~75.5	56~59.8
郑州矿区	平均值	71.3	57.9
大平煤矿13091		73.4	—
大平煤矿21071		66.7	49.1