低真空隧道列车车厢内部火灾乘客疏散方案

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.03.1785

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究真空管道运输系统内列车火灾的人员疏散问题及烟气蔓延规律,运用火灾模拟软件(FDS)及人员仿真疏散软件Pathfinder,以低真空隧道内由5节车厢构成的高速列车车厢火灾时乘客疏散为研究对象,综合比较10种疏散方案中疏散时间、烟气蔓延程度及CO体积分数,得到乘客最佳疏散方案,并设计救援车对接高速列车车门的辅助疏散方式。结果表明:当着火车厢的乘客疏散至相邻车厢时,乘客的最佳疏散方式为靠近门口的2排乘客与靠近火源的1排乘客同时离开,随后按照与火源的距离由近到远逐排撤离。若采用救援车辅助疏散,当火灾发生在车厢1、车厢2或车厢3时,救援车到达后完成全车乘客疏散的总用时分别为533、586和376 s;车厢1发生火灾时,门1的利用时间为200 s;车厢2发生火灾时,门1的利用时间为145 s;当车厢3发生火灾时,2个门的利用率较为均衡。因此,在实际疏散时,可以采用语音播报的形式引导乘客充分利用好2个车门,以节约疏散时间。

关键词: 低真空隧道, 列车车厢, 列车火灾, 乘客疏散, 疏散方案, 火灾模拟软件(FDS)

Abstract:

In order to study the evacuation of passengers in a train fire in a vacuum tube transportation system and the smoke spreading law, The fire numerical simulation software FDS and the personnel simulation evacuation software Pathfinder were used to study the evacuation of passengers in case of fire in a high-speed train compartment consisting of 5 cars in a low-vacuum tunnel. Comprehensively comparing the evacuation time, the degree of smoke spread and the CO concentration in 10 evacuation schemes, the best evacuation method for passengers was obtained, and a rescue vehicle was designed to assist evacuation by docking the door of the high-speed train. The results show that: when the passengers in the fire compartment are evacuated to the neighboring compartments, the best evacuation method for the passengers is to leave the two rows of passengers close to the doorway and the rows of passengers close to the fire source at the same time, and then evacuate the passengers row by row by the distance from the fire source from near to far. If the rescue vehicle is used to assist the rescue, when the fire occurs in compartment 1, compartment 2, or compartment 3, the total time to complete the evacuation of all passengers after the arrival of the rescue vehicle is 533, 586, and 376 s, respectively. When a fire occurs in compartment 1, the utilization time of door 1 is 200 s; when a fire occurs in compartment 2, the utilization time of door 1 is 145 s; when a fire occurs in compartment 3, the utilization rate of the two doors is more balanced. Therefore, during the actual evacuation, passengers can be guided to fully utilize the two doors in the form of voice announcements to save the evacuation time. The research results can provide a reliable reference basis for the emergency rescue of passengers in future low vacuum tunnel train fires.

Key words: low-vacuum tunnel, train carriages, train fire, passenger evacuation, evacuation plan, fire dynamics simulator (FDS)

中图分类号:

X932爆炸安全与防火、防爆

陈大伟, 庞世俊, 郗艳红. 低真空隧道列车车厢内部火灾乘客疏散方案[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(3): 186-191.

CHEN Dawei, PANG Shijun, XI Yanhong. Study on evacuation of passengers from train compartment fires in low-vacuum tunnels[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(3): 186-191.

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方案	疏散方案	疏散时间/s
1	乘客自由向两侧疏散,不进行人为干预	100
2	将乘客分为3个部分,每部分3排,依次按照靠近火源的距离分批撤离,离火源越近的部分撤离越早	133.4
3	将乘客分为3个部分,每部分3排,其中靠近门口与靠近火源的2个部分同时离开,随后中间部分撤离	99.4
4	乘客按距火源的距离,由近到远,逐排离开	135.2
5	首先靠近门口1排的人员与靠近火源1排的乘客同时离开,随后分别按照距门的距离与距火源的距离,逐排离开,直到乘客全部撤离	104.2
6	首先靠近门口2排的乘客与靠近火源1排的乘客同时离开,随后分别按照距门的距离与距火源的距离,逐排离开,直到乘客全部撤离	95.2
7	首先靠近门口3排的乘客与靠近火源1排的乘客同时离开,随后分别按照距门的距离与距火源的距离,逐排离开,直到乘客全部撤离	94.4
8	靠近门口的1排的乘客与靠近火源1排的乘客同时离开,随后按照离火源的距离,由近到远,逐排撤离	132
9	靠近门口的2排的乘客与靠近火源1排的乘客同时离开,随后按照离火源的距离,由近到远,逐排撤离	108.4
10	靠近门口的3排的乘客与靠近火源1排的乘客同时离开,随后按照离火源的距离,由近到远,逐排撤离	103.3