侧向多开口轨道列车火灾烟气输运特性

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.05.0758

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究侧向多开口轨道列车火灾烟气输运特性,优化火灾救援应急处置对策,根据工程实体结构利用PyroSim 软件搭建轨道列车模型并进行火灾数值模拟。聚焦作为列车内外联通通道的侧向开口,探讨分析侧向开口模式对轨道列车内部烟气蔓延特性的影响。结果表明:侧向开口模式对列车内部烟气蔓延有着显著的影响,包括烟气蔓延速度及稳定阶段的烟气分布情况。相比于侧开口未开启区间范围内烟气紊乱且高度方向全覆盖状态,侧开口开启的区间范围内烟气可维持稳定分层,有利于人员安全疏散救援。轨道列车顶棚下方烟气温度分布更符合双指数衰减特征,且受到开口模式和火源功率的耦合影响,非对称开启时开启开口的区间温度衰减速率受火源功率的影响更显著。此外,虽然开口的开启有利于列车内部安全环境的形成,但也需考虑通过开口溢出至列车外部空间的火灾烟气的影响以进行应急处置的综合判定。

关键词: 侧向多开口, 轨道列车火灾, 烟气输运, 开口模式, 人员疏散

Abstract:

In order to study the smoke transport characteristics of rail train with lateral multi-opening and optimize the emergency response strategy for fire rescue, a rail train model was built using PyroSim software based on the engineering entity structure and numerical simulation was conducted. Focusing on the lateral opening as a connecting channel between the inside and outside of the train carriage, the influence of the lateral opening mode on the smoke transport characteristics inside the train was discussed and analyzed. The results show that the lateral opening mode has a significant effect on the smoke transport inside the train, including the smoke spreading speed and the smoke distribution in the stable stage. Compared with the disordered smoke and full coverage in the height direction in the section without opening the lateral opening, the smoke in the section with opening the lateral opening can maintain stable stratification, which is conducive to the safe evacuation and rescue of personnel. The smoke temperature distribution under the train ceiling is more consistent with the double exponential attenuation law, and is affected by the coupling of the opening mode and the fire power. The temperature attenuation rate of the opening section is more significantly affected by the fire power in the asymmetric opening. In addition, although the opening is conducive to the formation of a safe environment inside the train, it is also necessary to consider the impact of the fire smoke spilling into the outer space of the train through the opening to make a comprehensive judgment of emergency response.

Key words: multiple lateral openings, rail train fire, smoke transportation, opening mode, personnel evacuation

中图分类号:

X932爆炸安全与防火、防爆

彭敏, 潘翔骁, 何坤, 李忠辉, 朱国庆. 侧向多开口轨道列车火灾烟气输运特性[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(5): 129-138.

PENG Min, PAN Xiangxiao, HE Kun, LI Zhonghui, ZHU Guoqing. Study on smoke transport characteristics of fire inside rail train with multiple lateral openings[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(5): 129-138.

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工况编号	缩尺寸火源功率/kW	全尺寸火源功率/MW	侧开口开启模式	工况简称
1	7.9	2.5	全开启	2.5 MW+全开启
2	7.9	2.5	火源单侧	2.5 MW+火源单侧
3	7.9	2.5	火源双侧	2.5 MW+火源双侧
4	15.8	5	全开启	5 MW+全开启
5	15.8	5	火源单侧	5 MW+火源单侧
6	15.8	5	火源双侧	5 MW+火源双侧
7	23.7	7.5	全开启	7.5 MW+全开启
8	23.7	7.5	火源单侧	7.5 MW+火源单侧
9	23.7	7.5	火源双侧	7.5 MW+火源双侧
10	31.6	10	全开启	10 MW+全开启
11	31.6	10	火源单侧	10 MW+火源单侧
12	31.6	10	火源双侧	10 MW+火源双侧

火源功率/ MW	A₁	t₁	A₂	t₂	R²
2.5	0.81	0.3	0.42	14.8	0.996
5	0.63	0.4	0.5	13.4	0.989
7.5	0.5	0.37	0.62	12.2	0.988
10	0.36	1.02	0.65	12	0.988