中国安全科学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12): 167-175.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.12.2206

• 公共安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

耦合烟气与蒙特卡罗的隧道火灾疏散及其优化

张孝春1(), 陈林杰1, 周舸尧1, 张兆民2, 魏瑞超2,**(), 吴斌斌3   

  1. 1 广东工业大学 安全工程系,广东 广州 511400
    2 深圳职业技术学院 新能源汽车研究院, 广东 深圳 518055
    3 广东省建筑科学研究院集团股份有限公司,广东 广州 510010
  • 收稿日期:2023-06-20 修回日期:2023-09-18 出版日期:2023-12-28
  • 通讯作者:
    **魏瑞超(1991—),男,河南开封人,博士,副研究员,主要从事新能源汽车故障预测与火灾防控方面的研究。E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    张孝春 (1987—),男,山东济南人,博士,副教授,安全工程系副主任,主要从事隧道火灾理论、安全评估、火灾安全与燃烧科学方面的研究。E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助(52276108); 广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2019B111102003); 广东大学生科技创新培育专项资金资助项目(pdjh2023b0171)

Coupling smoke information and Monte Carlo simulation for evacuation of tunnel fires and its optimization

ZHANG Xiaochun1(), CHEN Linjie1, ZHOU Geyao1, ZHANG Zhaomin2, WEI Ruichao2,**(), WU Binbin3   

  1. 1 School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou Guangdong 511400, China
    2 Institute of New Energy Vehicle Research, Shenzhen Institute of Vocational Technology, Shenzhen Guangdong 518055, China
    3 Guangdong Provincial Academy of Building Research Group Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Guangdong 510010, China
  • Received:2023-06-20 Revised:2023-09-18 Published:2023-12-28

摘要:

为保证隧道火灾下人员的安全疏散,以广州市某隧道为例,首先,由火源功率、自然风速、火源位置这3种因素组合,形成18个模拟工况;其次,借助火灾动力学模拟工具(FDS)求解可用安全疏散时间(ASET),同时,获取网格内烟气能见度、温度、CO体积分数等危害特征参数;然后,耦合烟气信息与蒙特卡罗模拟,借助Pathfinder求解必需安全疏散时间(RSET)与有效剂量分数(FED);最后,通过双重判据(ASET是否大于RSET、个人风险值FED是否超标)分析场景危险度,并优化危险场景及量化其效果。结果表明:人员疏散风险与火源功率、自然风速显著相关,但与火源位置的相关性不强;基于分区疏散与动态启闭安全出口的方法的疏散优化效率大于10%。

关键词: 隧道火灾, 人员疏散, 烟气信息, 蒙特卡罗模拟, 疏散风险, 双重判据, 优化效果

Abstract:

In order to ensure the safe evacuation of people under tunnel fire, a tunnel in Guangzhou city was studied as an example. Firstly, 18 simulation conditions were formed by the combination of three factors: fire heat release rate, natural wind speed and fire location. Secondly, the available safe evacuation time (ASET) was solved with the fire dynamics simulator(FDS), and the hazard characteristic parameters such as smoke visibility, temperature and CO concentration in the grid were obtained. Then, the smoke information was coupled with Monte Carlo simulation to solve the required safe egress time (RSET) and fractional effective dose (FED) with the Pathfinder. Finally, the double criterion (whether ASET was greater than RSET or not, and whether individual risk value FED exceeded the standard or not) were used to analyze the scenarios, and the hazard scenarios were optimized and their effects were quantified. The results show that the personnel evacuation risk is significantly correlated with the fire heat release rate and natural wind speed, but has nothing to do with fire location. In addition, the evacuation optimization efficiency of the method based on zonal evacuation and dynamic exits is more than 10%.

Key words: tunnel fire, personnel evacuation, smoke information, Monte Carlo simulation, evacuation risk, dual criterion, optimization effect