中国安全科学学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (3): 137-142.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2020.03.021

• 公共安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

老年公寓火灾场景人群疏散模拟

黄丽蒂1 教授, 罗开洲**1, 刘莹2 副教授, 徐结晶1, 许欣欣1, 王曦晨1   

  1. 1.东北石油大学 土木建筑工程学院,黑龙江 大庆 163319;
    2.哈尔滨工业大学 建筑学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150001
  • 收稿日期:2019-12-07 修回日期:2020-02-09 出版日期:2020-03-28 发布日期:2021-01-26
  • 通讯作者: **罗开洲(1994—),男,河南新乡人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为建筑安全疏散、养老设施安全设计。E-mail:lkzljj@outlook.com。
  • 作者简介:黄丽蒂(1972—)女,黑龙江大庆人,博士,教授,主要从事建筑安全疏散、养老设施安全设计、绿色建筑技术等方面的研究。E-mail:huangld@yeah.net。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助(51878202);黑龙江省青年科学基金资助(QC2017041);东北石油大学研究生创新科研项目(JYCX_CX05_2018)。

Simulation study on fire evacuation of senior apartment

HUANG Lidi1, LUO Kaizhou1, LIU Ying2, XU Jiejing1, XU Xinxin1, WANG Xichen1   

  1. 1. School of Civil and Architecture Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing Heilongjiang 163319, China;
    2. School of Architecture, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin Heilongjiang 150001, China
  • Received:2019-12-07 Revised:2020-02-09 Online:2020-03-28 Published:2021-01-26

摘要: 为优化我国老年公寓消防安全设计,减少火灾发生时的人员伤亡,建立火灾和疏散建筑信息模型(BIM),在火灾场景下进行疏散模拟,分析老年公寓建筑布局对火灾蔓延的影响,以及温度、能见度、CO 体积分数和烟气层高度对老年群体疏散行为的影响。结果表明:在火灾发展过程中,层高为3.3 m的着火楼层,在0.5~1.5 m高度内温差较大;着火房间内,烟气层会稳定在约1.4 m高度处;走廊形式对火灾温度传播影响较大;烟气、高温等因素对着火楼层及以上楼层老年群体疏散不利,这些楼层的老年群体无法全部安全疏散;提高楼层垂直方向上的疏散效率可减少伤亡人数。老年公寓建筑布局方面,增加安全出口数量、设置坡道式疏散楼梯等方式,可提高疏散效率。

关键词: 老年公寓, 火灾, 人员疏散, 建筑信息模型(BIM), 建筑布局

Abstract: In order to optimize fire safety design of senior apartments and reduce casualties, a fire and evacuation BIM was established, and evacuation was simulated. Then, influence of building layout on fire spread and that of temperature, visibility, CO concentration and smoke layer's height on evacuation behaviors of the elderly were analyzed. The results show that during fire development process, temperature difference is greater at height range between 0.5 m and 1.5 m for 3.3 m-high fire floor, smoke layer stays stable at height around 1.4 m in fire rooms, and forms of corridor have a great impact on fire temperature and propagation. Smoke, high temperature and other factors are unfavorable to evacuation of the elderly on fire floors and above, resulting in their inability to evacuate safely. Casualties can be effectively reduced by improving evacuation efficiency in vertical direction. And by increasing emergency exits and setting ramp type evacuation stairs in terms of building layout of apartments for the elderly, evacuation efficiency can be improved.

Key words: senior apartment, fire, evacuation, building information model (BIM), building layout

中图分类号: