中国安全科学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 181-187.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.06.1912

• 公共安全 • 上一篇    下一篇

典型优化措施下的瓶颈疏散试验研究

罗琳1,2,3(), 秦添雨1, 杨高博1, 严政懿1, 傅志坚1,2,**()   

  1. 1 西南交通大学 交通运输与物流学院,四川 成都 611756
    2 西南交通大学 综合交通大数据应用技术国家工程实验室,四川 成都 611756
    3 成都师范学院 室内空间布局优化与安全保障四川省高校实验室,四川 成都 611130
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-14 修回日期:2024-03-18 出版日期:2024-06-28
  • 通讯作者:
    **傅志坚(1988—),男,湖南邵阳人,博士,副教授,主要从事交通安全与行人动力学等方面的研究。E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    罗 琳 (1990—),男,湖南常德人,博士,助理研究员,主要从事人员与疏散动力学、人员交通安全与密集人群管控等方面的研究。E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助(12002291); 国家自然科学基金资助(72274160); 中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2682023ZTPY031); 四川省高校重点实验室2023年度项目(2023SNKJ-09)

Experimental study on evacuation trough bottleneck under typical optimization strategies

LUO Lin1,2,3(), QIN Tianyu1, YANG Gaobo1, YAN Zhengyi1, FU Zhijian1,2,**()   

  1. 1 School of Transportation and Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Sichuan 611756, China
    2 National Engineering Laboratory for Integrated Transportation Big Data Application Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu Sichuan 611756,China
    3 Key Laboratory of Interior Layout Optimization and Security, Institutions of Higher Education of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu Sichuan 611130, China
  • Received:2023-12-14 Revised:2024-03-18 Published:2024-06-28

摘要:

为探究典型优化措施对疏散瓶颈通行效率与安全性的影响,开展耦合人员特征因素的疏散试验。试验根据不同优化措施与人员特征分为28种工况,获取所有工况的疏散时间、瞬时速度、瓶颈处局部密度等数据。结果表明:瓶颈优化措施的实施效果受到瓶颈宽度、人员是否携带行李以及是否固定疏散方向的影响,工程应用中需要结合人员特征与现场管控策略的需求进行针对性选择;瓶颈中加入立柱的优化措施更适合不携带行李的人员,在瓶颈宽度较低时能提升瓶颈通行的安全性,密度最多可降低15.30%,在瓶颈宽度较宽时能提高疏散效率13.18%;加入栏杆比较适合瓶颈宽度较宽时携带行李的人员,配合固定疏散方向的管控策略,能在保障安全性的同时显著提高疏散效率21.90%;改变瓶颈形状的3种措施中,瓶颈前增加漏斗型通道优化效果较好,既能提高安全性,降低密度9.59%,还能缩短疏散时间9.14%;而加入等宽通道或漏斗型与等宽通道的组合,从疏散安全性和效率2方面看都会产生负面影响。

关键词: 疏散瓶颈, 疏散试验, 优化措施, 瞬时速度, 局部密度

Abstract:

In order to examine the effects of typical optimization measures on the efficiency and safety of evacuating bottlenecks, evacuation tests incorporating pedestrian characteristics were conducted. The test encompassed 28 distinct cases, representing different combinations of optimization measures and pedestrian traits. Parameters such as evacuation time, speed, and local occupant density were measured across all conditions. Our findings reveal that the efficacy of bottleneck optimization measures is influenced by factors such as bottleneck width, the presence of luggage, and fixed evacuation directions. Practical implementation needs a tailored approach, integrating pedestrian characteristics and site-specific control strategies. Specifically, introducing a column in front of the bottleneck significantly benefits pedestrians without luggage, leading to a 15.30% reduction in density during bottleneck navigation with narrower widths, thereby enhancing safety, and concurrently improving evacuation efficiency by 13.18% in scenarios with wider bottleneck widths. Meanwhile, introducing a rail is preferable for pedestrians carrying luggage with wider bottleneck widths, especially when combined with a fixed evacuation direction, significantly enhancing evacuation efficiency by 21.90% while maintaining safety. Among the three bottleneck configuration alterations, incorporating a funnel-shaped passage preceding the bottleneck stands out as the most effective optimization measure, resulting in a notable 9.59% reduction in density, thereby enhancing safety, along with a simultaneous 9.14% decrease in evacuation times. It is noteworthy that the implementation of a straight channel or the combination of a straight channel and a funnel-shaped passage may yield negative impacts on both safety and efficiency.

Key words: evacuation bottleneck, evacuation experiment, optimization measure, instantaneous velocity, local density

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