煤氧化自燃的弹性波响应特征及机制

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.05.1689

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 145-152.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.05.1689

煤氧化自燃的弹性波响应特征及机制

朱双江¹^,²^,³(), 鲁义¹^,²^,³^,^**(), 李贺¹^,²^,³, 李敏¹^,²^,³, 郭鑫¹^,²^,³, 赵新¹

¹ 湖南科技大学资源环境与安全工程学院,湖南湘潭 411201
² 地下空间防火防爆材料与装备湖南省工程研究中心,湖南湘潭 411201
³ 火灾爆炸防控与应急技术湖南省普通高等学校重点实验室,湖南湘潭 411201

收稿日期:2024-12-16 修回日期:2025-02-21 出版日期:2025-05-28
通信作者:
^** 鲁义(1986—),男,江西新干人,博士,教授,主要从事火灾科学与技术和煤自燃与瓦斯复合灾害防治等方面的研究。E-mail:luyijx@163.com。
作者简介:
朱双江 (1990—),男,山东日照人,博士,副教授,主要从事煤自燃与瓦斯灾害防治、矿井地球物理勘探等方面的研究。E-mail:zsj@hnust.edu.cn。
朱双江, 副教授
鲁义, 教授
李贺, 教授
李敏, 副教授
郭鑫, 副教授
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52174180); 国家自然科学基金青年基金资助(52404205); 湖南省自然科学基金青年基金资助(2023JJ40294); 湖南教育厅优秀青年项目(22B0499)

Elastic wave response characteristics and mechanism of coal oxidation spontaneous combustion

ZHU Shuangjiang¹^,²^,³(), LU Yi¹^,²^,³^,^**(), LI He¹^,²^,³, LI Min¹^,²^,³, GUO Xin¹^,²^,³, ZHAO Xin¹

¹ School of Resource, Environment and Safety Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan Hunan 411201, China
² Hunan Engineering Research Center for Fire and Explosion Prevention Materials and Equipment in Underground Spaces, Xiangtan Hunan 411201, China
³ Key Laboratory of Fire and Explosion Prevention and Emergency Technology in Hunan Province, Xiangtan Hunan 411201, China

Received:2024-12-16 Revised:2025-02-21 Published:2025-05-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为利用弹性波探测准确定位破碎煤柱内部的隐蔽自燃区域,试验煤的弹性波速度对温度的响应特征及内在机制。首先,利用程序升温炉预处理煤样,得到不同氧化程度煤样;然后,通过弹性波和低场核磁共振测试,分析不同氧化程度煤的弹性波及孔裂隙特征;最后,结合热重(TG)测试和型煤单一变量试验,揭示煤氧化自燃的弹性波响应特征及内在机制。结果表明:原煤纵、横波速度随温度升高逐渐下降,其中,纵波速度在热失重最大质量温度后的下降速率约为横波速度下降速率的2.4倍;纵波速度下降趋势呈明显的分段特征,第Ⅰ阶段从初始温度到TG最大质量温度,纵波速度下降速率约为1.27 (m·s^-1)/℃,第Ⅱ阶段从TG最大质量温度到终止温度,纵波速度下降速率增大至4.51 (m·s^-1)/℃;煤体孔隙度从30 ℃时的1.57%上升至360 ℃时的9.6%,特别是温度超过最大质量温度后,裂隙数量和开度显著增加,不仅导致弹性波的传播路径变长,还使弹性波传播速度下降;煤基质作为弹性波的传播介质,在最大质量温度前未明显分解,对应的型煤纵波速度稳定在900 m/s左右;煤基质在超过最大质量温度后开始迅速分解,对应的型煤纵波速度下降至360 ℃时的798 m/s,且煤基质由“高波速”介质逐渐转变为“低波速”介质。

关键词: 煤氧化自燃, 弹性波, 响应特征, 孔裂隙, 纵波速度, 煤基质

Abstract:

In order to accurately locate the hidden spontaneous combustion area inside the broken coal pillar using elastic wave detection, the response characteristics and mechanism of the elastic wave velocity of coal to temperature were experimentally studied. Firstly, coal samples were pretreated by temperature programmed furnace to obtain coal samples with different oxidation degrees. Then, elastic wave and low-field NMR tests were conducted to analyze the characteristics of elastic wave and pore cracks of coal with different oxidation degrees. Finally, combined with thermogravimetric(TG) analysis and single variable briquette experiments, the elastic wave response characteristics and mechanism of coal oxidation spontaneous combustion were revealed. The results show that the P-wave and S-wave velocities of raw coal gradually decrease with increasing temperature, and the P-wave velocity decreases 2.4 times that of the S-wave velocity after the maximum mass loss temperature of TG curve. The decreasing trend of P-wave velocity shows an obvious segmental characteristic. Before the maximum mass loss temperature of the TG curve in stage Ⅰ, the P-wave velocity decreases at a rate of approximately 1.27 m/s·℃^-1. from the maximum mass loss temperature to the final temperature, the decline rate of P-wave velocity increases to 4.51 m/s·℃^-1. The porosity of coal increases from 1.57% at 30 ℃ to 9.6% at 360 ℃. In particular, after the temperature exceeds the maximum mass loss temperature, the number and aperture of cracks increase significantly, which not only lengthens the propagation path of elastic waves, but also decreases the propagation speed of elastic waves. As the propagation medium of elastic waves, the coal matrix does not decompose obviously before the maximum mass loss temperature, and the corresponding P-wave velocity of briquette remains stable at about 900 m/s. After exceeding the maximum mass loss temperature, the coal matrix decomposes rapidly, and the corresponding P-wave velocity of briquette drops to 798 m/s at 360 ℃, which proves that the coal matrix gradually transitions from a "high wave velocity" medium to a"low wave velocity" medium.

Key words: coal oxidation spontaneous combustion, elastic wave, response characteristics, pore and fracture, longitudinal wave velocity, coal matrix

中图分类号:

X936

朱双江, 鲁义, 李贺, 李敏, 郭鑫, 赵新. 煤氧化自燃的弹性波响应特征及机制[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(5): 145-152.

ZHU Shuangjiang, LU Yi, LI He, LI Min, GUO Xin, ZHAO Xin. Elastic wave response characteristics and mechanism of coal oxidation spontaneous combustion[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(5): 145-152.

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煤氧化自燃的弹性波响应特征及机制

Elastic wave response characteristics and mechanism of coal oxidation spontaneous combustion

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