基于生物力学的肌肉骨骼疲劳评估方法

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.08.0401

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为有效预防作业过程中因疲劳累积引发的工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs),提出一种融合计算机视觉与生物力学建模的作业疲劳量化评估方法。该方法基于MMPose模型提取作业人员的三维姿态数据,并结合OpenSim平台建立个体化肌肉骨骼模型,实现完整作业周期动作的重建与肌肉负荷模拟。通过计算关键关节的反作用力与肌肉激活水平,构建关节与肌肉的疲劳指数模型,系统分析腰椎区域在典型弯腰搬运任务中的疲劳演化过程。结果表明:在典型弯腰搬运任务中,L5—S1关节及其相关的多裂肌群呈现出显著的疲劳累积特征,部分肌群存在左右侧疲劳不对称现象,深层稳定肌与核心肌群共同参与姿势维持与负荷响应。该方法能够动态追踪作业过程中的疲劳变化,识别疲劳高风险部位,适用于动态、高负荷作业场景下的疲劳风险预警。

Abstract:

To effectively prevent WMSDs caused by cumulative fatigue, this study proposes a fatigue quantification method that integrates computer vision and biomechanical modeling. The method extracts 3D posture data of workers using the MMPose model and builds individualized musculoskeletal models in OpenSim. It reconstructs complete work cycles and simulates muscle loading. By calculating joint reaction forces and muscle activation levels, fatigue indices for joints and muscles are developed. The method is applied to analyze fatigue progression in the lumbar spine during a typical lifting task. Results show that the L5-S1 joint and associated multifidus muscles exhibit significant fatigue accumulation in a typical bending and lifting task. Some muscles show lateral asymmetry in fatigue, and both deep stabilizing and core muscle groups are involved in posture maintenance and load response. The method can dynamically track fatigue changes during work tasks and identify high-risk areas of fatigue, and can be applicable to fatigue risk warning in dynamic, high-load operation scenarios.

Key words: biomechanics, work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs), muscle fatigue, cumulative fatigue, OpenSim

中图分类号:

X910安全人体学

和杰花, 王益艳, 毛颖, 佟瑞鹏. 基于生物力学的肌肉骨骼疲劳评估方法[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(8): 263-270.

HE Jiehua, WANG Yiyan, MAO Ying, TONG Ruipeng. Musculoskeletal fatigue assessment method based on biomechanics[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(8): 263-270.

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名称	关节	具体位置
腰椎L	L1—L5	位于腰部,连接胸椎与骶椎,共5节椎体(从上往下,L1—L5),每2节椎体之间形成关节
胸椎T	T1—T12	位于胸部,连接颈椎与腰椎,共12节椎体(从上往下T1—T12),每两节椎体之间形成关节
骶椎S	S1	脊柱及骨盆的枢纽,通过骶髂关节将脊柱负荷分散至下肢

肌群	中文全称	英文全称	主要作用
核心肌群	腹直肌	Rectus Abdominus	辅助躯干侧屈
	腹外斜肌	External Oblique	躯干对侧旋转与侧屈;辅助前屈和核心稳定
	腹内斜肌	Internal Oblique	躯干同侧旋转与侧屈;稳定脊柱
	腹横肌	Transversus Abdominis	深层核心稳定,减少腰椎负荷
背部肌群	背阔肌	Latissimus Dorsi	辅助躯干侧屈;上肢内收、后伸
背部肌群	竖脊肌	SacroSpinalis	脊柱后伸;维持站立平衡
稳定肌群	横突棘肌	Transversospinalis	脊柱节段稳定;深层肌群,含多裂肌、半棘肌等
腰髋连接肌群	腰大肌	Psoas_major	维持腰椎前突
腰髋连接肌群	腰方肌	Quadratus Lumborum	躯干侧屈