事故应急信息的自动化处理机制:来自ERPs的证据

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.09.0984

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为揭示当事人事故应急信息处理的深层机制,更有针对性地提高其应急行为能力,减轻事故伤害,基于内隐记忆和自动化加工理论,采用事件相关电位(ERPs)技术开展行为脑神经试验,以信息判断的“反应时”和“准确率”作为信息处理能力的评价依据,以ERPs成分中的P200成分(P2)、P300成分(P3)、晚期正电位(LPP)表征被试认知和情绪加工过程,探究当事人对事故应急信息的自动化加工机制及其影响因素。研究结果表明:频发事故应急情境中,经验引导的内隐记忆使被试的早期注意更加敏感,大脑意识加工成分减少,信息加工自动化特征显著,消耗较少的注意资源;偶发事故应急情境更容易引发被试的恐慌情绪,增加认知资源的占用,造成认知固化和黏着,抑制信息自动化加工。

关键词: 事故应急信息, 信息处理, 内隐记忆, 自动化加工, 事件相关电位(ERPs)

Abstract:

This study aimed to uncover the underlying mechanisms of emergency information processing during accidents and to improve the emergency response capabilities of individuals, thereby reducing injury severity. Based on theories of implicit memory and automatic processing, ERPs technology was employed in behavioral and neural experiments. The "reaction time" and "accuracy" were used as measures of information processing capacity. The ERP components P200 (P2), P300 (P3), and Late Positive Potential (LPP) were used to reflect the participants' cognitive and emotional processing. This study explored the automatic processing mechanisms of emergency information and identified its influencing factors. The results show that in frequent accident scenarios, experience-guided implicit memory enhances early attention sensitivity. This reduces conscious brain processing, automates information processing, and demands fewer cognitive resources. Conversely, infrequent accident scenarios trigger panic emotions, increase cognitive resource consumption, lead to cognitive fixation and attachment, and inhibit the automation of information processing.

Key words: accident emergency information, information processing, implicit memory, automatic processing, event-related potentials (ERPs)

中图分类号:

X928.04事故救护

韩豫, 乐银, 李家猛. 事故应急信息的自动化处理机制:来自ERPs的证据[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(9): 236-243.

HAN Yu, LE Yin, LI Jiameng. Automatic processing mechanism of accident emergency information: evidence from ERPs[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(9): 236-243.

图/表 6

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