基于眼动测量的通航飞行员绕机检查特征

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.11.0542

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (11): 42-48.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.11.0542

基于眼动测量的通航飞行员绕机检查特征

王燕青¹(), 张承越¹, 任景瑞²^,³^,^**(), 张书瀚⁴, 刘迪⁵

¹ 中国民航大学安全科学与工程学院,天津 300300
² 中国民航大学飞行分校,天津 300300
³ 民航航空公司人工智能重点试验室,天津 300300
⁴ 深圳航空责任有限公司飞行部, 广东深圳 518128
⁵ 天津杰普逊国际飞行学院有限公司朝阳飞行训练基地,辽宁朝阳 122000

收稿日期:2025-07-14 修回日期:2025-09-18 出版日期:2025-11-28
通信作者:
^** 任景瑞讲师 (1993—),男,河北沧州人,硕士,讲师,主要从事飞行训练安全、飞行人为因素等方面的研究。E-mail:renjingrui20@163.com。
作者简介:
王燕青教授 (1974—),女,河南安阳人,博士,教授,主要从事航空人因工程、安全管理与行为安全等方面的研究。E-mail:yqwang@cauc.edu.cn。
刘迪工程师。
基金资助:
中国交通教育研究会2024—2026年度教育科学研究课题重点课题(JT2024ZD016); 教育部人文社会科学规划基金资助(23YJA190010); 中央高校基本科研业务费-自然科学一般项目(3122022084); 中央高校人文社科重点项目(3122022035)

Eye-tracking-based analysis of walk-around inspection behavioral characteristics in general aviation pilots

WANG Yanqing¹(), ZHANG Chengyue¹, REN Jingrui²^,³^,^**(), ZHANG Shuhan⁴, LIU Di⁵

¹ School of Safety Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
² Branch of Flight Technology,Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
³ Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence for Civil Aviation Airlines, Tianjin 300300, China
⁴ Flight Department,Shenzhen Airlines, Shenzhen Guangdong 518128, China
⁵ Chaoyang Flight Training Base, Tianjin Jeppesen International Flight College Co., Ltd., Chaoyang Liaoning 122000, China

Received:2025-07-14 Revised:2025-09-18 Published:2025-11-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为提升通航飞行员绕机检查水平,保障通航安全,利用眼动仪,测量并分析不同经验水平下通航飞行员执行绕机检查的完成率和注视行为特征差异;根据绕机检查单和绕机检查流程,将钻石DA-40D飞机划分为发动机、机翼、机身、起落架、尾翼等6个兴趣区(AOI),通过眼动仪记录被试绕机检查过程中6个AOI的绕机检查完成率与注视行为特征。结果表明:老手组在尾翼、发动机、右机翼、左机翼和左起落架等5个AOI的检查完成率显著高于新手组,随着飞行经验增加,通航飞行员的绕机检查完成率逐渐提升;老手组在发动机、右起落架、右机翼、左机翼、左起落架等5个AOI的总注视时长、总注视次数均显著高于新手组;新手组在发动机AOI的平均注视时长显著高于老手组。建议在培训时加强通航飞行员对尾翼、右机翼、左机翼、左起落架区域的重视,同时应提升新手在发动机、左起落架区域的检查能力。

关键词: 眼动测量, 通航飞行员, 绕机检查, 检查完成率, 注视行为

Abstract:

In order to enhance the proficiency of general aviation pilots in walk-around inspections and ensure aviation safety, eye-tracking technology was employed to measure and analyze the completion rates and fixation behavior characteristics of pilots categorized by experience level. Based on the walk-around checklists and inspection procedures, Diamond DA-40D aircraft was divided into six Areas of Interest (AOI), including the engine, wings, fuselage, landing gear, and empennage. During the participants' walk-around inspections, the completion rates of the walk-around checks and the characteristics of fixation behavior for these six AOI were recorded by means of an eye tracker. The results show that the completion rates of inspections in five AOI, including the empennage, engine, right wing, left wing, and left landing gear, were significantly higher in the veteran group than in the novice group. With the increase in flight experience, the completion rates of general aviation pilots' walk-around inspections gradually improve. Significantly higher total fixation durations and total fixation counts were observed in the experienced group compared to the novice group across five AOI: the engine, right landing gear, right wing, left wing, and left landing gear. A significantly longer average fixation duration on the engine AOI was demonstrated by the novice group relative to the experienced group. Recommendations are provided for training to place greater emphasis on the empennage section, right wing, left wing, and left landing gear areas. Additionally, enhancement of novices' inspection capabilities regarding the engine and left landing gear areas is suggested.

Key words: eye-tracking measurement, general aviation pilots, walk-around inspection, inspection completion rate, fixation behavior characteristics

中图分类号:

X949

王燕青, 张承越, 任景瑞, 张书瀚, 刘迪. 基于眼动测量的通航飞行员绕机检查特征[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(11): 42-48.

WANG Yanqing, ZHANG Chengyue, REN Jingrui, ZHANG Shuhan, LIU Di. Eye-tracking-based analysis of walk-around inspection behavioral characteristics in general aviation pilots[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(11): 42-48.

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检查区域及编号	检查项目	检查方式/状态
1.前机身	滑油量	量尺检查
	变速箱滑油量	检查
	发动机蒙皮	外观检查
	进气口	无异物
	螺旋桨	检查
	螺旋桨整流罩	外观检查
2.前起落架	前起落架支柱	外观检查
	起落架支柱整流罩	外观检查
	轮胎、轮毂、刹车盘	外观检查
	轮舱整流罩	外观检查
	牵引杆	移走
	轮胎充气压力	压缩量正常,无超量磨损
	轮挡	移走

聚类类别(平均值±标准差)		F	p
类别1	类别2	F	p
0.94±0.04	0.67±0.11	59.11	0.00

注视行为指标	被试	发动机	右起落架	右机翼	尾翼	左机翼	左起落架
总注视时间/s	老手	88.10±40.02	8.94±7.76	35.54±17.22	12.50±4.88	40.22±22.55	8.18±5.91
总注视时间/s	新手	69.51±38.50	2.03±1.39	21.48±9.64	13.77±5.43	18.23±3.37	2.59±2.00
总注视次数	老手	166.30±64.27	21.20±9.58	89.90±22.48	33.20±12.01	103.70±30.32	21.00±13.57
总注视次数	新手	93.22±51.82	6.33±3.71	56.33±19.76	40.11±15.07	51.67±11.92	7.11±4.01
平均注视时间/s	老手	0.53±0.17	0.39±0.15	0.38±0.09	0.38±0.10	0.37±0.11	0.37±0.14
平均注视时间/s	新手	0.74±0.27	0.32±0.09	0.38±0.09	0.36±0.10	0.36±0.09	0.34±0.13
平均瞳孔直径/mm	老手	4.35±0.643	4.40±0.69	4.04±0.61	4.66±0.72	4.47±0.71	4.57±0.80
平均瞳孔直径/mm	新手	4.27±0.68	4.24±0.75	3.88±0.63	4.71±0.74	4.34±0.71	4.43±0.68

基于眼动测量的通航飞行员绕机检查特征

Eye-tracking-based analysis of walk-around inspection behavioral characteristics in general aviation pilots

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AOI		尾翼	发动机	右机翼	右起落架	左机翼	左起落架
检查项数		13	6	16	6	20	4
被试	老手	0.91±0.12	1.00±0.00	0.95±0.05	1.00±0.00	0.93±0.06	0.90±0.32
被试	新手	0.65±0.18	0.39±0.47	0.75±0.12	0.98±0.06	0.64±0.08	0.36±0.49

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