考虑节点重要度的地铁应急救援站选址研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.11.1151

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究地铁网络在规划建设阶段的区域级和基地级应急救援站科学合理选址问题,首先,基于复杂网络理论构建地铁网络拓扑结构模型,选取相关指标构建节点重要度的评估体系,利用地理加权回归模型(GWR)预测客流量以补充研究数据;其次,以效率最高、覆盖最优以及成本最低为目标建立区域级应急救援站的多目标选址模型,选用非支配排序遗传算法Ⅱ(NSGA-Ⅱ)求解最优方案;同时,设计一种混合分析计算方法,求解模型中节点的综合重要度值参数,并依托区域级应急救援站的选址结果,选用枚举法求解基地级应急救援站选址的最优方案;最后,以西安市地铁规划网络为例验证计算。结果表明:与“不考虑节点重要度”情况下的选址最优方案相比,“考虑节点重要度”的区域级选址方案成本节省约2.19%,救援效率提高约9.43%,覆盖程度优胜约4.66%,故“考虑节点重要度”的选址方案更符合地铁网络的实际需求。

关键词: 应急救援站选址, 节点重要度, 地铁系统, 地理加权回归模型(GWR), 非支配排序遗传算法Ⅱ(NSGA-Ⅱ)

Abstract:

In order to study the scientific and reasonable location selection of regional emergency rescue stations and base-level emergency rescue stations in the planning and construction stage of the subway network, firstly, the topology model of the subway network was constructed based on complex network theory. Relevant indicators were selected to construct the evaluation system of node importance, and GWR model was used to predict passenger flow to supplement the research data. Secondly, aiming at the highest efficiency, optimal coverage and lowest cost, the multi-objective location model of regional emergency rescue stations was established, and NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm was used to solve the optimal scheme. At the same time, a hybrid analysis calculation method was designed to solve the comprehensive importance value parameters of nodes in the model, and based on the site selection results of regional emergency rescue stations, the enumeration method was used to solve the optimal solution of base-level emergency rescue stations. Finally, Xi'an metro planning network was taken as an example to verify the calculation. The results show that compared with the optimal solution in the case of "no consideration of node importance", the regional location solution with "consideration of node importance" saves about 2.19% in cost, improves the rescue efficiency by about 9.43%, and exceeds the optimal solution with about 4.66% in coverage. Therefore, the location scheme of "considering node importance" is more in line with the actual needs of the subway network.

Key words: location of emergency rescue stations, node importance, subway system, geographic weighted regression (GWR), non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-Ⅱ)

中图分类号:

雷斌, 李宇锦, 李娜, 刘伟, 罗林林, 雷东波. 考虑节点重要度的地铁应急救援站选址研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(11): 207-219.

LEI Bin, LI Yujin, LI Na, LIU Wei, LUO Linlin, LEI Dongbo. Location optimization of metro subway emergency rescue stations considering node importance[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(11): 207-219.

图/表 18

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表1

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表2

图11

表3

GWR模型回归结果

变量	平均值	标准差	最小值	中位数	最大值
常量	-168 516 130.165	4 224 641 289.852	-15 825 142 686.303	1 218 361.11	11 721 158 427.216
Latitude	209 859.391	30 315 792.293	-73 392 471.835	-332 945.764	116 347 057.038
Longitude	1 486 901.707	31 376 088.717	-90 165 545.648	9 706.352	108 863 525.476
L	58 909.568	261 642.165	-206 190.932	2 378.096	1 302 629.774
WFA	-0.537	2.551	-12.708	0.005	1.170
$H'$	3 120 256.414	11 299 289.166	-15 212 345.320	118 078.390	54 420 625.406
D	27 537.578	163 450.085	-568 774.910	12 576.100	485 804.271

表3

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图13

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类型	属性	来源
地铁站流量数据	西安市地铁路网2023年8月21日—9月17日期间的各线路站点的每日客流量数据	西安市轨道交通集团有限公司
地铁路网结构等矢量数据	西安市地铁线路和站点的矢量数据文件	百度地图及数据网站
POI数据	西安市地铁各站点地理坐标及类别信息等	百度地图应用程序接口
其他数据	西安市地铁站点周边接驳其他交通情况	大众点评、本地宝、安居客等网站

站点类型	站点编号	站点个数
1	{1,2,3,4,…,237,238}	167
2	{13,24,29,…,220,224}	17
3	{10,12,17,…,233,239}	56

类别	地铁网络节点集合	数量	等级	描述
1	{21,22,…,123,149}	19	Ⅰ	极为重要
2	{10,12,…,225,233}	53	Ⅱ	重要
3	{11,15,…,217,239}	107	Ⅲ	较为重要
4	{1,2,…,237,238}	61	Ⅳ	普通