人车前端高度比对行人被撞后落地损伤的影响

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.11.1623

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (11): 172-179.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.11.1623

人车前端高度比对行人被撞后落地损伤的影响

尚诗¹(), 王国丰¹, 王宁珍¹, 魏巍², 李泉³, 唐亮¹^,^**()

¹ 北京林业大学工学院,北京 100083
² 艾克斯-马赛大学/古斯塔沃-艾菲尔大学应用生物力学实验室,法国马赛 13015
³ 清华大学车辆与运载学院,北京 100084

收稿日期:2025-07-14 修回日期:2025-09-15 出版日期:2025-11-28
通信作者:
^** 唐亮教授 (1981—),女,湖北十堰人,工学博士,教授,主要从事汽车碰撞安全方面的研究。E-mail:happyliang@bjfu.edu.cn。
作者简介:
尚诗讲师 (1990—),男,山西大同人,博士,讲师,主要从事道路交通安全、交通参与者安全防护、损伤生物力学等方面的研究。E-mail:sshang@bjfu.edu.cn。
王宁珍副教授。
魏巍高级工程师。
李泉助理研究员。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助(52402441); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(BLX202336); 北京市自然科学基金资助(3244034)

Influence of normalized bonnet leading edge height on pedestrian ground contact injuries after being impacted

SHANG Shi¹(), WANG Guofeng¹, WANG Ningzhen¹, WEI Wei², LI Quan³, TANG Liang¹^,^**()

¹ School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
² Laboratoire de Biomécanique Appliquée, UMRT24, Aix Marseille Université/Université Gustave Eiffel, Marseille 13015, France
³ School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Received:2025-07-14 Revised:2025-09-15 Published:2025-11-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为优化车辆设计和改进道路安全,探讨人车前端高度比(NBLEH)对行人落地头部损伤的影响,筛选简明损伤等级(AIS)1+的行人落地损伤碰撞案例,并进行数据分析和多重共线性检验。结果表明:随着NBLEH的增大,行人头部损伤严重程度增加。逻辑回归分析进一步揭示,对于AIS 2+级别的成年行人头部损伤,可由车速、年龄以及NBLEH共同预测,具体而言,NBLEH值越大、车速越快、年龄越高,则损伤风险相应增加。真实事故视频分析结果证明:当NBLEH较小时,行人的全身旋转角度会增大;然而,一旦NBLEH超过0.9,旋转角度则显著减小。不同大小的NBLEH会改变碰撞力传递、落地姿态。此外,选用2种不同前端高度的车辆形成不同NBLEH工况开展尸体碰撞试验,结果显示,NBLEH不仅影响头部的落地时间,而且头部落地的姿态与碰撞速度之间存在相互作用,这进一步加剧头部损伤的复杂性。参数化仿真研究进一步证实,NBLEH对行人头部与地面接触时的姿势、角度、时间和速度等因素有显著影响,从而增加损伤机制的复杂性与不确定性。仿真结果显示,车速和NBLEH都会影响行人翻转角,NBLEH取值小于1时,会得到比NBLEH大于1更多较大的行人翻转角。

关键词: 人车前端高度比(NBLEH), 行人被撞, 落地损伤, 简明损伤等级(AIS), 道路交通, 头部损伤

Abstract:

To optimize vehicle design and improve road safety, the effect of the NBLEH on pedestrians head injuries during ground contact was investigated. The impact with the ground AIS 1+ pedestrian landing injury cases was selected, and data analysis along with multicollinearity tests was conducted. The results show that as the NBLEH increases, the severity of pedestrian head injuries exhibits a corresponding upward trend. Through Logistic regression analysis, it is further revealed that for AIS 2+ head injuries in adult pedestrians can be jointly predicted by vehicle speed, age, and NBLEH. Specifically, the risk of injuries is increased with higher values of NBLEH, faster speeds, and older ages. Analysis of real accident videos demonstrates that a smaller NBLEH results in increased full-body rotation angles of pedestrians. However, once NBLEH surpasses 0.9, the rotation angle notably diminishes. The collision force transmission and the pedestrian's landing posture are altered by different values of NBLEH. Additionally, cadaver crash tests were conducted using two types of vehicles with different front-end heights to establish test conditions with different NBLEH values. The results indicate that NBLEH not only influences the timing of head contact with the ground, but also that there is an interaction between head landing posture and collision speed, further complicating head injuries. Parametric simulation studies reinforced that NBLEH significantly influences factors such as posture, angle, timing, and speed during pedestrian head-to-ground contact, thereby increasing the complexity and uncertainty of surrounding injury mechanisms. The simulation results show that both vehicle speed and NBLEH influence the pedestrian flip angle, with NBLEH values less than 1 producing larger pedestrian flip angles than values greater than 1.

Key words: normalized bonnet leading edge height (NBLEH), pedestrian strucks, pedestrian-ground contact injuries, abbreviated injury scale (AIS), road traffic, head injury

中图分类号:

X951交通运输安全

尚诗, 王国丰, 王宁珍, 魏巍, 李泉, 唐亮. 人车前端高度比对行人被撞后落地损伤的影响[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(11): 172-179.

SHANG Shi, WANG Guofeng, WANG Ningzhen, WEI Wei, LI Quan, TANG Liang. Influence of normalized bonnet leading edge height on pedestrian ground contact injuries after being impacted[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(11): 172-179.

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参数	边界值	回归系数β	P值	OR (95% CI)
常数	—	-9.665	—	—
速度/(km·h^-1)	3~116	0.029	0.019	1.029(1.005~1.055)
年龄/岁	18~96	0.025	0.030	1.026(1.002~1.050)
NBLEH/%	67~133	4.963	0.011	109.234(2.910~4 100.470)

编号	速度/(km·h^-1)	车辆信息	行人体征	NBLEH
1	30.5	标志307	1.74 m;66 kg	0.7
2	30.4	标志307	1.72 m;69 kg	0.7
3	30.1	雷诺Kangoo II	1.58 m;38 kg	1.2
4	30.4	雷诺Kangoo II	1.62 m;69 kg	1.1

编号	速度/ (km·h^-1)	NBLEH	基于aHIC₁₅的 AIS 3+风险/%	基于BrIC的 AIS 3+风险/%
1	30.5	0.7	34	20
2	30.4	0.7	81	7
3	30.1	1.2	40	8
4	30.4	1.1	—(加速度传感器损坏)	18

人车前端高度比对行人被撞后落地损伤的影响

Influence of normalized bonnet leading edge height on pedestrian ground contact injuries after being impacted

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