核电界面相似性感知及视觉认知绩效实验研究*

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.03.0569

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (3): 17-24.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.03.0569

核电界面相似性感知及视觉认知绩效实验研究^*

吴晓莉¹(), 贺雨琦¹, 刘潇¹, 黄永强¹, 张学刚², 李逸群¹

¹ 南京理工大学设计艺术与传媒学院, 江苏南京 210094
² 中广核工程有限公司核电安全技术与装备全国重点实验室, 广东深圳 518172

收稿日期:2025-10-19 修回日期:2026-01-24 出版日期:2026-03-31
作者简介:
吴晓莉(1980—),女,新疆伊宁人,博士,教授,主要从事人因失误、人机交互与工效学方面的研究。E-mail: wuxlhhu@163.com。
张学刚,工程师。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目资助(52175469); 核电安全技术与装备全国重点实验室开放课题(SKL-2025-WT-05)

Experimental study on similarity perception and visual cognitive performance of nuclear power plant interfaces

WU Xiaoli¹(), HE Yuqi¹, LIU Xiao¹, HUANG Yongqiang¹, ZHANG Xuegang², LI Yiqun¹

¹ School of Design, Art and Media, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing Jiangsu 210094, China
² State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Power Safety Technology and Equipment, China Nuclear Power Engineering Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Guangdong 518172, China

Received:2025-10-19 Revised:2026-01-24 Published:2026-03-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为预防核电界面相似性引发的操作失误,应用语义差异量表和情境任务实验,研究界面相似性对认知绩效的影响,并确定相似性感知维度。首先,通过文献综述,形成界面相似性的多维感知特征体系,并筛选出适用于工业控制场景的10个关键相似性变量;然后,采用语义差异问卷调查与多元线性回归分析,建立经归一化处理的核电界面整体感知相似性计算方程;最后,以核电规程任务和报警处理任务中的典型界面为实验对象,围绕颜色、布局结构与复杂性3个特征维度构建不同相似度水平的界面材料,结合主观问卷与情景任务实验测量分析最佳相似值范围。结果表明:界面相似性对操纵员认知反应具有显著影响;颜色、布局结构与复杂性是核心感知维度;当界面相似值处于“一般相似”区间(4~6)时,操纵员认知绩效最优。

关键词: 核电界面, 界面相似性, 认知绩效, 视觉搜索, 情景任务实验

Abstract:

To prevent interface similarity-induced errors in nuclear power plants, this study investigated the impact of interface similarity on cognitive performance and identified the optimal similarity range using semantic differential scale and scenario-based experiments. Firstly, a multi-dimensional perceptual feature system for interface similarity was developed through literature review, and 10 key similarity variables applicable to industrial control scenarios were identified. Secondly, a normalized equation for estimating the overall perceived similarity of nuclear power interfaces was established using semantic differential questionnaire survey and multiple linear regression analysis. Finally, typical interfaces from nuclear procedure tasks and alarm handling tasks were selected as experimental materials. Interface samples with varying levels of similarity were constructed based on three feature dimensions: color, layout structure, and complexity. Subjective questionnaires and scenario-based task experiments were conducted to measure and analyze the optimal range of similarity. The results indicate that interface similarity has a significant impact on operators' cognitive responses. with color, layout, and complexity as core dimensions. Cognitive performance is optimal when the interface similarity falls within the "generally similar" range (4-6).

Key words: nuclear power interface, interface similarity, cognitive performance, visual search, scenario-based task experiment

中图分类号:

吴晓莉, 贺雨琦, 刘潇, 黄永强, 张学刚, 李逸群. 核电界面相似性感知及视觉认知绩效实验研究^*[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2026, 36(3): 17-24.

WU Xiaoli, HE Yuqi, LIU Xiao, HUANG Yongqiang, ZHANG Xuegang, LI Yiqun. Experimental study on similarity perception and visual cognitive performance of nuclear power plant interfaces[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(3): 17-24.

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参考文献 13

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相似度等级	主观相似值范围T₀'	相似程度描述
Ⅰ	(0.43~2)	极不相似
Ⅱ	[2~4)	不相似
Ⅲ	[4~6)	一般相似
Ⅳ	[6~8)	相似
Ⅴ	[8~10)	极相似

复杂度	很复杂	较复杂	一般	较不复杂	很不复杂
组件种类	12	10	8	6	4
组件数量	42	34	26	18	10

画面相似性	极不相似	不相似	一般	相似	极相似
主颜色/种	7	5	3	2	1
布局结构/种	7	5	3	2	1
复杂度/种	5	4	3	2	1

相似性	系统主画面	操作界面1	操作窗口1
极不相似	黄/倒L字型/很不复杂	橙/工字型分栏/一般复杂	红/L字型分栏/较复杂
一般相似	蓝/工字型分栏+表格/较复杂	蓝/工字型分栏/较不复杂	黄/L字型分栏/较不复杂
极相似	蓝/表格布局/一般复杂	蓝/表格布局/一般复杂	蓝/表格布局/一般复杂

相似维度得分	极不相似	不相似	一般相似	相似	极相似
T₁	3.533	3.362	4.457	4.800	5.743
T₄	2.638	3.029	3.543	3.971	5.657
T₇	1.971	2.514	3.162	4.086	6.771
T₀'	3.021	3.517	4.624	5.538	8.483

核电界面相似性感知及视觉认知绩效实验研究^*

Experimental study on similarity perception and visual cognitive performance of nuclear power plant interfaces

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Metrics

本文评价

界面相似度	错误数平均值/个	标准差	渐进显著性
极不相似	1.48	1.25	0.026
不相似	1.41	0.93	0.002
一般相似	0.52	0.70	<0.001
相似	0.63	0.79	<0.001
极相似	0.81	0.88	<0.001

界面相似度	反应时平均值/s	标准差	渐进显著性	对数转换后的显著性
极不相似	151.32	37.45	0.466	0.704
不相似	146.66	40.80	0.081	0.246
一般相似	98.74	27.10	0.148	0.761
相似	112.40	33.74	0.238	0.981
极相似	124.08	38.38	0.005	0.069

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