基于云-TOPSIS法的应急物流供应商综合评价

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2024.02.0581

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为实现应急物流降本增效的目标,从供应商层面出发,运用云-逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS)评价应急物流供应商综合能力;根据应急物流特点,从应急响应能力、物资质量、成本控制、应急响应柔性、企业内外部条件等5方面,构建应急物流供应商综合评价指标体系;借鉴博弈论思想,将用改进熵权法求得的客观权重和用层次分析法(AHP)求得的主观权重作为博弈对手,确定最优组合权重;运用云模型量化指标决策云和加权云对供应商的模糊定性评价语义;采用TOPSIS法构建正负理想解集合,计算备选方案与正负理想解的距离确定相对贴近度,确定最优备选方案。研究结果表明:指标决策云能准确地将评价语言量化,云-TOPSIS法的评价结果更合理;在供应商相对贴近度排序中,采用云-TOPSIS法计算的最优与最劣者差值为0.331 5,而TOPSIS法为0.088 2,两者相差0.243 3,表明云-TOPSIS法的评价结果区分度更大,能更直观地辅助决策者做出最优选择。

关键词: 云模型, 逼近理想解排序法(TOPSIS), 应急物流, 供应商, 综合评价

Abstract:

In order to achieve the goal of cost reduction and efficiency enhancement in emergency logistics, the comprehensive capabilities of emergency logistics suppliers were evaluated from the perspective of suppliers by utilizing the Cloud TOPSIS. Based on the characteristics of emergency logistics, a comprehensive evaluation index system for emergency logistics suppliers was constructed from five aspects: emergency response capability, material quality, cost control, emergency response flexibility, and internal and external conditions of the enterprise. Drawing on the ideas of game theory, the objective weights obtained by the improved entropy weight method and the subjective weights obtained by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) were taken as game opponents to determine the optimal combination of weights. The cloud model was used to solve for the decision-making cloud of indicators and the weighted cloud for the fuzzy qualitative evaluation semantics quantification of suppliers. Finally, using the TOPSIS method, the positive and negative ideal solution sets were constructed, and the relative closeness to these ideal solutions was determined by calculating the distance of alternative solutions, thus identifying the optimal alternative. Research indicates that the Indicator Decision Cloud can accurately quantify evaluative language, and the results of the Cloud-TOPSIS method are more reasonable. In the ranking of suppliers' relative closeness, the difference between the best and worst calculated by the Cloud-TOPSIS method is 0.331 5, while for the TOPSIS method, it is 0.088 2, with a difference of 0.243 3. This suggests that the evaluation results of the Cloud-TOPSIS method have a greater degree of differentiation, which can more intuitively assist decision-makers in making optimal choices.

Key words: cloud model, technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS), emergency logistics, supplier, comprehensive evaluation

中图分类号:

X915.4安全经济学

黄国平, 雷皓翔. 基于云-TOPSIS法的应急物流供应商综合评价[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2024, 34(2): 217-224.

HUANG Guoping, LEI Haoxiang. Comprehensive evaluation of emergency logistics suppliers based on cloud TOPSIS method[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2024, 34(2): 217-224.

图/表 10

表1

图1

图2

表2

评价标准云计算方法

语言标度	云模型	E_x	E_n	H_e
差	C_-2=(E_x-2,E_n-2,H_e-2)	X_min	E_n-1/0.618	H_e-1/0.618
较差	C_-1=(E_x-1,E_n-1,H_e-1)	$E x 0$ -0.382(X_max+X_min)/2	0.382(X_max-X_min)/6	$H e 0$ /0.618
中等	C₀=( $E x 0$ , $E n 0$ , $H e 0$ )	(X_max+X_min)/2	$E n 0$ =0.618E_n-1	k
较好	C₁=( $E x 1$ , $E n 1$ , $H e 1$ )	E_x0+0.382(X_max+X_min)/2	0.382(X_max-X_min)/6	$H e 0$ /0.618
好	C₂=( $E x 2$ , $E n 2$ , $H e 2$ )	X_max	$E n 1$ /0.618	$H e 1$ /0.618

表2

表3

表4

表5

表6

表7

表8

供应商评价结果

备选方案	$d i +$	$d i -$	$U i$	综合排序
A₁	0.448 0	0.216 0	0.325 3	4
A₂	0.232 6	0.445 0	0.656 8	1
A₃	0.322 3	0.290 6	0.474 2	3
A₄	0.290 5	0.291 1	0.500 5	2

表8

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一级指标	二级指标	指标属性
应急响应能力S₁	准时交货率S₁₁	效益型
	快速生产能力S₁₂	效益型
	订单完整执行率S₁₃	效益型
	售后服务S₁₄	效益型
物资质量S₂	包装质量S₂₁	效益型
	产品合格率S₂₂	效益型
	产品故障率S₂₃	成本型
	质量保证能力S₂₄	效益型
成本控制S₃	价格成本S₃₁	成本型
	订单处理成本S₃₂	成本型
	库存成本S₃₃	成本型
	运输成本S₃₄	成本型
应急响应柔性S₄	数量柔性S₄₁	效益型
	时间柔性S₄₂	效益型
	品种柔性S₄₃	效益型
内外部条件S₅	地理位置S₅₁	效益型
	企业信誉S₅₂	效益型
	信息化水平S₅₃	效益型
	发展潜力S₅₄	效益型

指标	主观权重	客观权重	组合赋权
S₁₁	0.053 0	0.053 1	0.053 0
S₁₂	0.053 0	0.055 5	0.054 1
S₁₃	0.059 4	0.049 1	0.055 1
S₁₄	0.046 7	0.049 2	0.047 7
S₂₁	0.052 7	0.051 2	0.052 1
S₂₂	0.055 6	0.056 7	0.056 0
S₂₃	0.049 2	0.054 3	0.051 3
S₂₄	0.049 8	0.051 2	0.050 4
S₃₁	0.052 6	0.051 0	0.051 9
S₃₂	0.048 5	0.052 0	0.050 0
S₃₃	0.054 6	0.053 0	0.053 9
S₃₄	0.050 6	0.050 5	0.050 5
S₄₁	0.056 6	0.057 2	0.056 9
S₄₂	0.058 0	0.051 6	0.055 3
S₄₃	0.054 5	0.050 8	0.052 9
S₅₁	0.051 6	0.059 7	0.055 0
S₅₂	0.052 9	0.050 5	0.051 9
S₅₃	0.049 6	0.053 0	0.051 0
S₅₄	0.051 2	0.050 5	0.050 9

备选方案	S₁₁	S₁₂	…	S₅₄
A₁	(5.318,0.216 1,0.054 9)	(4.363,0.199 3,0.050 7)	…	(6.273,0.231 6,0.058 9)
A₂	(6.788,0.268 1,0.068 1)	(7.622,0.311 5,0.079 2)	…	(6.470,0.254 8,0.064 7)
A₃	(4.682,0.216 1,0.054 9)	(5.318,0.181 0,0.046 0)	…	(5.637,0.199 3,0.050 7)
A₄	(5.000,0.199 3,0.050 7)	(5.637,0.199 3,0.050 7)	…	(4.682,0.181 0,0.046 0)

备选方案	S₁₁	S₁₂	…	S₅₄
A₁	(0.282 1,0.011 5,0.002 9)	(0.235 9,0.010 8,0.002 7)	…	(0.319 4,0.011 8,0.003 0)
A₂	(0.360 1,0.014 2,0.003 6)	(0.412 1,0.016 8,0.004 3)	…	(0.329 4,0.013 0,0.003 3)
A₃	(0.248 4,0.011 5,0.002 9)	(0.287 6,0.009 8,0.002 5)	…	(0.287 0,0.010 1,0.002 6)
A₄	(0.265 2,0.010 6,0.002 7)	(0.304 8,0.010 8,0.002 7)	…	(0.238 4,0.009 2,0.002 3)
r⁺	(0.360 1,0.014 2,0.003 6)	(0.412 1,0.016 8,0.004 3)	…	(0.329 4,0.013 0,0.003 3)
r^-	(0.248 4,0.011 5,0.002 9)	(0.235 9,0.010 8,0.002 7)	…	(0.238 4,0.009 2,0.002 3)