高温环境下BMI差异对人体主客观热反应的影响研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.10.1714

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为提升高温作业人员个性化热防护效果、明确不同体型人群差异化防护策略,探究不同身体质量指数(BMI)人群在高温环境中的生理与主观热反应,揭示其热暴露过程中的差异性调节能力。首先,通过人工气候室设置中性((25.1±0.4)℃,(52.8%±1.9%)相对湿度(RH),0.1 m/s)与高温((35.0±0.5)℃,(50.0%±2.9%)RH,0.1 m/s)2个工况,选取20名男性被试,将其分为偏胖组(BMI≥24 kg/m²)与偏瘦组(BMI<18.5 kg/m²);其次,被试先在中性环境静坐10 min,随后进入高温环境交替进行运动与休息,同步记录生理参数与主观评价指标;最后,通过分析这2组被试主客观指标的差异,评估BMI对热反应的调节机制和影响程度。结果表明:偏瘦组与偏胖组核心温度分别升高0.46、0.55 ℃,存在显著的统计学差异(p<0.001);偏胖组与偏瘦组平均皮肤温度各升高4.2、2.9 ℃,表明偏胖组对高温更敏感;偏胖组出汗总量和心率均显著高于偏瘦组,但心率不存在显著性差异;BMI差异导致主观评价参数存在统计学差异(p<0.05),不仅影响热反应强度,还会导致调节机制的模式差异,高温防护应依据体型特征制定差异化策略。

关键词: 高温环境, 身体质量指数(BMI), 主观评价, 热应激, 气候室

Abstract:

To enhance the personalized thermal protection effectiveness for workers exposed to hot environments and clarify the individualized protection strategies with different body types, this study investigated the physiological and perceptual responses with different BMI in hot environments to explore individual thermoregulation capacity during heat exposure. First, two hot environments were set in a climate chamber, including neutral ((25.1±0.4)℃,(52.8%±1.9%)Relative Humidity(RH),0.1 m/s)and high temperature ((35.0±0.5)℃,(50.0%±2.9%)RH,0.1 m/s). Twenty male participants were recruited and divided into two groups: overweight (BMI ≥ 24) and underweight (BMI < 18.5). Second, participants were initially seated in neutral environment for 10 minutes, then performed alternating cycles of exercise and recovery in the hot environment. Physiological and perceptual responses parameters were recorded during the human trials. Finally, the regulatory mechanism of BMI on thermal responses and the extent of its impact were evaluated by analyzing the differences in subjective and objective indicators between the two groups of subjects. The results indicated that the two groups significantly (p<0.001) differed in core temperature, with the increase of 0.55 ℃ for the overweight group and 0.46 ℃ for the underweight group. The mean skin temperature of overweight and underweight participants increased by 4.2 and 2.9 ℃, respectively, indicating that overweight individuals were more sensitive to high temperatures. The total sweat rate and heart rate of overweight participants were significantly higher than those of underweight participants, while no significant difference was observed for heart rate between the two groups. Differences in BMI led to statistically significant differences in perceptual responses parameters (p<0.05), not only affecting the intensity of thermal responses but also inducing differences in the patterns of regulatory mechanisms. Therefore, individualized thermal protection strategies should be formulated based on body type characteristics.

Key words: hot environment, body mass index (BMI), perceptual responses, heat stress, climate chamber

中图分类号:

X968高低温防护

杨杰, 马瑞甜, 王兴明. 高温环境下BMI差异对人体主客观热反应的影响研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(10): 239-246.

YANG Jie, MA Ruitian, WANG Xingming. Effects of BMI difference on physiological and perceptual responses in hot environments[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(10): 239-246.

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体型	数量	年龄/岁	身高/cm	体质量/kg	BMI/(kg·m^-2)	初始核心温度/℃	初始皮肤温度/℃
偏胖者	10	24.2±1.4	176±3	86.2±9.1	27.7±2.7	37.2	31.9
偏瘦者	10	24.6±1.5	175±3	52.4±3.9	17.1±1.4	36.8	33.1

设备	监测参数	备注
核心温度胶囊	核心温度	采样频率为2 次/min
皮肤温度监测仪	皮肤温度	—
心率监测仪	心率	采样频率为60次/min
精密台秤	出汗量	量程为100 kg、精度为10 g
跑步机	代谢率	—

主观评价参数	正态分布性	统计方法	方差齐性	p值
热感受	非正态分布	非参数性检验	—	0.136
热舒适	正态分布	t检验	方差齐	0.000
服装湿润度	正态分布	t检验	方差齐	0.001
皮肤湿润度	正态分布	t检验	方差齐	0.106
热疲劳程度	正态分布	t检验	方差齐	0.011