生理疲劳对井下作业人员安全行为能力影响模拟

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.11.0246

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为预防生理疲劳诱发矿工不安全行为导致的事故,降低生理疲劳对安全行为能力的影响,开展生理疲劳反应试验。首先,将40名成年男性平均分为2组,分别诱导其产生肌肉耐力疲劳(MEF)、肌肉爆发力疲劳(MPF);其次,采用操作测试测量其注意力水平、反应速度、判断能力、身体协调能力;然后,通过配对样本t检验分析疲劳前后的行为数据,研究生理疲劳对安全行为能力的影响;最后,从减轻作业人员的生理疲劳和降低生理疲劳对不安全行为的作用效应2方面给出管理建议。研究结果表明:MEF通过影响平均瞳孔直径(显著性P<0.01),平均眨眼次数(P<0.01)和平均眼跳次数(P<0.05)显著降低了注意力水平,MPF对注意力水平也产生一定影响,表现为平均瞳孔直径(P<0.01)的效应没有MEF显著;MPF能够降低身体协调能力,其中,手眼协调能力(P<0.05)和精细操作能力(P<0.05)均显著下降;MPF对反应速度有一定提升,其中,简单反应时提高0.028 s (P<0.01),综合反应时提高0.020 s(P<0.05);生理疲劳对判断能力没有显著影响。

关键词: 生理疲劳, 井下作业人员, 安全行为能力, 肌肉耐力疲劳(MEF), 肌肉爆发力疲劳(MPF)

Abstract:

To prevent accidents caused by miners' unsafe behaviors induced by physical fatigue and reduce the impact of physical fatigue on safe behaviors abality, a physical fatigue response test was carried out. First, forty adult male participants were equally divided into two groups, with each group induced to develop MEF and MPF respectively. Subsequently, a series of operational performance tests were conducted to measure attention level, reaction speed, judgment accuracy, and body coordination ability. Then, paired sample t-tests were employed to analyze pre- and post-fatigue behavioral data, investigating the effects of physiological fatigue on safety-related performance capabilities. Finally, evidence-based management recommendations were formulated according to the analytical results. The findings reveal that muscular endurance fatigue significantly compromise attention levels through its effects on mean pupil diameter(P<0.01), blink frequency(P<0.01), and saccadic rate(P<0.05). While muscular explosive power fatigue also demonstrates measurable influence on attentional performance as evidenced by altered pupil diameter(P<0.01), its effect magnitude is statistically inferior to that of endurance fatigue. Also, muscular explosive power fatigue reduces the body coordination ability, as both hand-eye coordination ability(P<0.05) and fine operation ability(P<0.05)have significantly declined. However, muscle explosive fatigue does have a certain improvement effect on reaction speed, with simple reaction time increasing by 0.028 s(P<0.01) and comprehensive reaction time increasing by 0.020 s(P<0.01). Physiological fatigue has no significant impact on judgment accuracy.

Key words: physiological fatigue, underground workers, safety behavior capacity, muscle endurance fatigue(MEF), muscle explosive power fatigue(MPF)

中图分类号:

X912安全生理学

汪文生, 姜润发, 杨三军. 生理疲劳对井下作业人员安全行为能力影响模拟[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2025, 35(11): 245-252.

WANG Wensheng, JIANG Runfa, YANG Sanjun. Simulation on impact of physiological fatigue on safety behavior capacity of underground workers[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2025, 35(11): 245-252.

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因素		测试阶段	MEF				MPF
因素		测试阶段	均值	标准差	t	P	均值	标准差	t	P
注意力水平	平均瞳孔直径/mm	前测	2.82	0.37	3.254^**	0.004	2.73	0.27	2.907^**	0.009
	平均瞳孔直径/mm	后测	2.69	0.37	3.254^**	0.004	2.59	0.30	2.907^**	0.009
	平均眨眼频率/ (次·s^-1)	前测	0.24	0.09	4.269^**	0.000	0.27	0.18	-0.523	0.607
	平均眨眼频率/ (次·s^-1)	后测	0.18	0.08	4.269^**	0.000	0.29	0.16	-0.523	0.607
	平均眼跳频率/ (次·s^-1)	前测	4.04	3.08	2.695^*	0.015	4.36	3.15	-0.369	0.716
	平均眼跳频率/ (次·s^-1)	后测	3.37	2.62	2.695^*	0.015	4.59	3.70	-0.369	0.716

因素		测试阶段	MEF				MPF
因素		测试阶段	均值	标准差	t	P	均值	标准差	t	P
反应速度	简单反应时/s	前测	0.247	0.037	0.836	0.414	0.237	0.035	3.685^**	0.002
	简单反应时/s	后测	0.242	0.041	0.836	0.414	0.209	0.034	3.685^**	0.002
	综合反应时/s	前测	0.394	0.041	1.365	0.189	0.361	0.038	2.789^*	0.012
	综合反应时/s	后测	0.385	0.051	1.365	0.189	0.341	0.041	2.789^*	0.012

因素		测试阶段	MEF				MPF
因素		测试阶段	均值	标准差	t	P	均值	标准差	t	P
判断能力	准确率	前测	0.81	0.12	-0.871	0.395	0.80	0.11	-0.956	0.351
	准确率	后测	0.83	0.07	-0.871	0.395	0.82	0.06	-0.956	0.351
	速度得分	前测	7.26	1.41	-1.222	0.238	7.35	1.39	-0.123	0.904
	速度得分	后测	7.68	1.29	-1.222	0.238	7.40	1.88	-0.123	0.904
	自信心得分	前测	6.95	1.54	-0.265	0.794	6.75	1.21	-0.343	0.735
	自信心得分	后测	7.05	1.72	-0.265	0.794	6.90	1.92	-0.343	0.735

因素		测试阶段	MEF				MPF
因素		测试阶段	均值	标准差	t	P	均值	标准差	t	P
身体协调能力	手眼协调能力/s	前测	19.39	4.21	-0.798	0.436	17.92	7.20	-2.281^*	0.034
	手眼协调能力/s	后测	20.19	4.70	-0.798	0.436	19.92	8.41	-2.281^*	0.034
	平衡能力/s	前测	55.27	33.07	0.290	0.775	50.70	37.97	0.214	0.832
	平衡能力/s	后测	53.97	33.19	0.290	0.775	48.95	44.46	0.214	0.832
	精细操作能力/s	前测	84.72	46.14	-0.678	0.506	77.67	29.74	-2.930^**	0.008
	精细操作能力/s	后测	94.84	87.30	-0.678	0.506	87.57	35.78	-2.930^**	0.008