集成ISM与G1的建筑工人安全能力影响因素研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.04.0962

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究影响建筑工人安全能力的因素,提出一种集成解释结构模型(ISM)与序相关法(G1-Method)的因素分析法。首先,基于壳层模型(SHELL)与因子分析法,归纳与提取影响因素;其次,通过ISM构建工人安全能力影响因素多级递阶结构模型;最后,结合改进的G1-Method,计算因素间关联度及对安全能力的影响重要度。结果表明:所构建的安全能力影响因素结构模型包括安全认知能力、安全行为能力2个维度,以及16个影响因素。其中,安全观念、操作技能、环境适应是建筑工人安全能力形成的浅层因素,而安全教培、安全管理是安全能力形成的深层因素。同时,安全观念、安全教培、环境适应是安全认知能力的主要影响因素;操作技能、安全教培、安全管理是安全行为能力的主要影响因素。

关键词: 解释结构模型(ISM), 序相关法(G1-Method), 安全能力, 建筑工人, 影响因素, 安全认知能力, 安全行为能力

Abstract:

To explore the factors affecting the safety competency of construction workers, a factor analysis method integrating ISM and G1-Method was proposed. Firstly, the influencing factors were summarized and extracted based on the software-hardware-environment-liveware-liveware(SHELL) model and factor analysis method. Secondly, the multi-level hierarchical structure model of influencing factors of workers' safety competency was constructed through the ISM. Finally, the G1 method was used to calculate the degree of correlation between various factors and the importance of their impact on safety competency. The results show that the constructed model of the influencing factors of safety competency includes two dimensions of safety cognition competency and safety behavior competency and 16 influencing factors. Among them, safety concepts, operation skills and environmental adaptation are the superficial factors for forming construction workers' safety competency, while safety education and management are the deep factors for forming safety competency. At the same time, safety concepts, safety education and training and environmental adaptation are the main influencing factors of safety cognition ability. Operation skills, safety education and training and safety management are the main influencing factors of safety behavior competency.

Key words: interpreting structural models (ISM), order relation analysis method (G1-Method), safety competency, construction workers, influencing factors, safety cognition competency, safety behavior competency

成连华, 赵旭东, 郝杰. 集成ISM与G1的建筑工人安全能力影响因素研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(4): 61-68.

CHENG Lianhua, ZHAO Xudong, HAO Jie. Research on influencing factors of construction workers' safety competency integrating ISM and G1 method[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(4): 61-68.

图/表 9

图1

表1

表2

表3

图2

图3

表4

安全能力影响因素重要度

目标层	识别层	W $' D d, 1$	W $' D d, 2$	排序	因素	W'_j_,1	W'_j_,2	排序
建筑工人安全能力	D₁	0.527	0.466	1	F₁	0.166	0.093	1,5
					F₁₂	0.092	0.145	5,1
					F₁₆	0.111	0.109	3,4
					F₁₅	0.029	0.029	15,14
					F₅	0.056	0.044	7,8
					F₁₀	0.043	0.021	8,16
					F₈	0.030	0.025	14,14
	D₂	0.251	0.275	2	F₁₃	0.031	0.035	13,12
					F₇	0.124	0.119	2,3
					F₂	0.096	0.121	4,2
	D₃	0.065	0.089	4	F₆	0.031	0.046	12,7
	D₃	0.065	0.089	4	F₃	0.034	0.043	11,9
	D₄	0.096	0.103	3	F₉	0.059	0.061	6,6
	D₄	0.096	0.103	3	F₁₄	0.037	0.042	10,10
	D₅	0.061	0.067	5	F₄	0.023	0.036	16,11
	D₅	0.061	0.067	5	F₁₁	0.038	0.031	9,13

表4

图4

图5

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维度	能力因子	解释
安全认知能力A₁	风险感知能力B₁	工人对施工作业中存在的风险信息进行感知和处理的能力
	风险理解能力B₂	工人对客观存在危险发生概率与后果的直观判断与主观感觉能力
	安全决策能力B₃	工人对施工环境未来安全状态的控制与优化方案做出决策的能力
安全行为能力A₂	安全待人能力B₄	工人保障自身或他人安全方面的行为反应能力
	安全处事能力B₅	工人处理安全相关事务中的行为反应能力
	安全接物能力B₆	工人安全防护行为及对安全设施设备的操作行为能力

目标层	识别层	因素层
建筑工人安全能力	个人特质界面D₁	安全意识S₁、安全知识S₂、安全态度S₃、安全操作技能S₄、工作经验S₅、文化素养S₆、身体状况S₇、心理情绪S₈、环境适应力S₉、工作满意度S₁₀
	S-L因素界面D₂	施工任务S₁₁、安全教育培训S₁₂、安全投入S₁₃、安全激励S₁₄、操作规范S₁₅、安全道德规范S₁₆
	H-L因素界面D₃	人机匹配S₁₇、设备可靠度S₁₈、操作设备S₁₉、安全防护配置S₂₀、安全设施S₂₁
	L-L因素界面D₄	人际关系S₂₂、关键人物领导S₂₃、安全示范S₂₄、群体沟通S₂₅、群体监督S₂₆
	E-L因素界面D₅	采光照明S₂₇、环境噪音S₂₈、环境卫生S₃₉、空气气候S₃₀、安全氛围S₃₁

主成分命名	方差累积%	显著性影响因素
安全观念F₁	17.393	S₁、S₂、S₃
安全管理F₂	30.047	S₁₁、S₁₃、S₁₄
设备设施配置F₃	37.566	S₁₉、S₂₀、S₂₁
现场环境F₄	44.917	S₂₇、S₂₈、S₂₉、S₃₀
身心状态F₅	50.540	S₇、S₈
设备安全F₆	55.471	S₁₇、S₁₈
安全教培F₇	59.503	S₁₂
工作满意度F₈	63.387	S₁₀
群体引导F₉	67.077	S₂₃、S₂₄
文化素养F₁₀	70.306	S₆
安全氛围F₁₁	73.185	S₃₁
操作技能F₁₂	75.946	S₄
行为规范F₁₃	78.547	S₁₅、S₁₆
群体交际F₁₄	80.884	S₂₂、S₂₅、S₂₆
工作经验F₁₅	83.063	S₅
环境适应F₁₆	85.048	S₉