中国安全科学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 73-81.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2025.05.0971

• 安全工程技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

特厚煤层综放工作面底鼓机制及控制技术

朱志洁1(), 王鹏1, 李瑞琪1, 秦洪岩2, 史庆稳2, 陈昆3   

  1. 1 辽宁工程技术大学 矿业学院,辽宁 阜新 123000
    2 华北科技学院 安全工程学院,河北 廊坊 065201
    3 陕西华彬雅店煤业有限公司 雅店煤矿,陕西 咸阳 712000
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-25 修回日期:2025-02-27 出版日期:2025-05-28
  • 作者简介:

    朱志洁 (1986—),男,辽宁调兵山人,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事矿井动力灾害等方面的研究。E-mail:

    朱志洁, 教授

    朱志洁, 教授

    史庆稳, 副教授

    陈昆, 高级工程师

  • 基金资助:
    深地国家科技重大专项(2024ZD1000705); 辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目(自主选题重点项目)(LJ212410147007); 辽宁省自然科学基金计划(面上项目)资助(2023-MS-318)

Mechanism and control technology of floor heave in fully mechanized top-coal caving faces of ultra-thick coal seams

ZHU Zhijie1(), WANG Peng1, LI Ruiqi1, QIN Hongyan2, SHI Qingwen2, CHEN Kun3   

  1. 1 School of Mining, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin Liaoning 123000, China
    2 School of Safety Engineering, North China Institute of Science and Technology, Langfang Hebei 065201, China
    3 3Yadian Coal Mine, Shaanxi Huabin Yadian Coal Industry Co., Ltd., Xianyang Shaanxi 712000, China
  • Received:2024-12-25 Revised:2025-02-27 Published:2025-05-28

摘要: 为解决特厚煤层综放工作面回采期间工作面底鼓问题,以陕西某矿ZF1409工作面为工程背景,采用现场调研、理论分析与数值模拟等方法,探究特厚煤层综放工作面底鼓机制,并以此提出底鼓控制技术。结果表明:工作面严重底鼓区域主要集中在工作面来压期间,支架工作阻力较大,且底板大多为泥岩或底煤较薄的区域;底板滑动面范围内以软弱泥岩为主,底板极限承载力较低,当底板载荷大于底板极限承载力时,底板载荷克服底板滑动面范围内岩层自重所产生的摩阻力及黏聚力,使岩体沿着底板滑动面滑移,造成工作面底鼓;通过分析ZF1409工作面底鼓模型可知:支架载荷在该工作面底鼓发生过程中起到了重要作用;特厚煤层综放开采条件下,近场关键层破断形成的“悬臂梁”结构造成支架工作阻力在短时间内急剧升高,导致工作面发生底鼓。基于此,采用井下区域水力压裂技术处理近场关键层,有助于控制工作面的底鼓。

关键词: 特厚煤层, 综放工作面, 底鼓机制, 控制技术, 近场关键层, 水力压裂

Abstract:

In order to address the floor heave issue during the mining of fully mechanized top-coal caving faces in ultra-thick coal seams, the floor heave mechanism was investigated through field investigations, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulations. Corresponding control technologies were proposed. The ZF1409 working face in a coal mine in Shaanxi province was selected as the engineering case. Key findings include: Severe floor heave predominantly occurs during periodic weighting periods. Higher shield support resistance is observed, particularly in areas with mudstone-dominated floor strata or thin residual coal beneath the floor. The sliding surface of the floor stratum primarily consists of weak mudstone with low ultimate bearing capacity. Floor heave initiates when the applied load exceeds the ultimate bearing capacity. The frictional resistance and cohesion generated by the self-weight of the rock mass along the sliding surface are overcome. Numerical modeling of the ZF1409 face reveals that shield support resistance plays a critical role in floor heave evolution. Under fully mechanized top-coal caving conditions in ultra-thick coal seams, the sudden rupture of the near-field key stratum forms a cantilever beam structure, causing rapid escalation of shield resistance and subsequent floor heave. Implementing underground regional hydraulic fracturing technology to precondition the near-field key stratum effectively mitigates floor heave by optimizing stress redistribution.

Key words: ultra-thick coal seams, fully mechanized top-coal caving face, floor heave mechanism, control technology, near-field key stratum, hydraulic fracturing

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