航空锂电池热失控气体爆炸风险评估试验研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.02.0183

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (2): 93-101.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.02.0183

航空锂电池热失控气体爆炸风险评估试验研究

杨娟¹^,²(), 梁雪³, 包防卫⁴, 张青松²^,³^,^**()

¹ 中国民航大学工程技术训练中心,天津 300300
² 中国民航大学天津市城市空中交通系统技术与装备重点实验室,天津 300300
³ 中国民航大学安全科学与工程学院,天津 300300
⁴ 德州市德城区交通运输局,山东德州 253000

收稿日期:2025-09-18 修回日期:2025-12-13 出版日期:2026-02-28
通信作者:
^** 张青松(1977—),男,河北晋州人,博士,教授,主要从事民航危险品运输安全与锂电池火灾方面的研究。E-mail: nkzqsong@126.com。
作者简介:
杨娟 (1983—),女,湖北鄂州人,硕士,副教授,主要从事航空锂电池安全性及适航符合性技术方面的研究。E-mail: j_yang@cauc.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2025YFF1502100); 中央高校基本科研业务费自然科学重点项目(3122024058); 深圳市科技计划项目(KJZD20240903100707011)

Experimental study on explosion risk assessment of thermal runaway gas from aviation lithium batteries

YANG Juan¹^,²(), LIANG Xue³, BAO Fangwei⁴, ZHANG Qingsong²^,³^,^**()

¹ Engineering Training Center, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
² Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Air Traffic System Technology and Equipment, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
³ College of Safety Science and Engineering, Civil Aviation University of China, Tianjin 300300, China
⁴ Dezhou Decheng District Bureau of Transportation, Dezhou, Shandong 253000, China

Received:2025-09-18 Revised:2025-12-13 Published:2026-02-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提升航空锂电池的适航性评估的准确性,评估航空锂电池热失控气体爆炸包容性测试中丙烷混合气体的等效替代可行性;基于适航标准要求,通过试验对比分析标准体积分数丙烷与不同荷电状态(SOC)锂电池热失控原位气体的爆炸特性;采用三元锂电池,构建专用试验平台,系统测量不同SOC下热失控气体的爆炸温度、最大爆炸超压及升压速率。结果表明:锂电池热失控气体爆炸极限范围随SOC升高而显著扩宽,最大爆炸超压为0.519 8 MPa,爆炸威力指数为1.093 9;丙烷在标准体积分数范围(3.85%~4.25%)内最大爆炸超压达0.822 5 MPa,爆炸威力指数为1.501 7,其爆炸潜力高于多数SOC工况下的热失控气体。直接采用标准丙烷体积分数进行爆炸包容性验证可能导致过度试验,造成安全裕度偏高。丙烷可作为初步评估介质,但在等效替代方面需结合电池实际SOC状态优化测试体积分数。

关键词: 航空锂电池, 热失控气体, 爆炸风险, 丙烷混合气体, 适航性评估, 等效替代

Abstract:

To improve the accuracy of airworthiness assessment for aviation lithium batteries, this paper evaluated the feasibility of equivalent substitution of propane mixed gas in the explosion containment test of thermal runaway gases of aviation lithium batteries. Based on airworthiness standards, the explosion characteristics of standard volume fraction propane and in-situ thermal runaway gases from lithium batteries at different states of charge (SOC) were experimentally compared and analyzed. Ternary lithium batteries were employed, and a dedicated experimental platform was constructed to systematically measure the explosion temperature, maximum explosion overpressure, and pressure rise rate of the thermal runaway gases under different SOCs. The results indicate that the explosion limit range of the lithium battery thermal runaway gases significantly widens with increasing SOC, with a maximum explosion overpressure of 0.519 8 MPa and an explosion power index of 1.093 9. For propane within the standard volume fraction range (3.85% to 4.25%), the maximum explosion overpressure reached 0.822 5 MPa, with an explosion power index of 1.501 7, its explosion potential being higher than that of thermal runaway gases under most SOC conditions. Directly adopting the standard propane concentration for explosion containment verification may lead to over-testing, resulting in an excessively high safety margin. Propane can serve as a preliminary assessment medium, but for equivalent substitution, the test concentration needs to be optimized in combination with the actual SOC state.

Key words: aviation lithium battery, thermal runaway gas, explosion risk, propane mixed gas, airworthiness assessment, equivalent substitution

中图分类号:

X932爆炸安全与防火、防爆

杨娟, 梁雪, 包防卫, 张青松. 航空锂电池热失控气体爆炸风险评估试验研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2026, 36(2): 93-101.

YANG Juan, LIANG Xue, BAO Fangwei, ZHANG Qingsong. Experimental study on explosion risk assessment of thermal runaway gas from aviation lithium batteries[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(2): 93-101.

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气体种类	荷电状态	爆炸上限/%	爆炸下限/%
热失控原位气体^[18]	100%SOC	30.16	8.80
	70%SOC	24.26	9.10
	50%SOC	18.75	9.21
丙烷^[23]	—	9.50	2.20

荷电状态	发生爆炸的概率L
100%SOC	0.459 8
70%SOC	0.387 5
50%SOC	0.299 1

荷电状态	热失控气体体积分数/%	最大爆炸超压/MPa
100%SOC	22.23	0.519 8
70%SOC	17.61	0.488 0
50%SOC	15.20	0.445 5

荷电状态	最大爆炸超压/MPa	平均升压速度v/ (MPa·s^-1)	爆炸威力指数K
100%SOC	0.519 8	2.104 5	1.093 9
70%SOC	0.488 0	1.942 5	0.947 9
50%SOC	0.445 5	1.733 5	0.772 3

航空锂电池热失控气体爆炸风险评估试验研究

Experimental study on explosion risk assessment of thermal runaway gas from aviation lithium batteries

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