松针堆积密度与洒水覆盖水平条件下地表火阻隔效果研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.09.0419

中国安全科学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (9): 248-255.doi: 10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2026.09.0419

松针堆积密度与洒水覆盖水平条件下地表火阻隔效果研究

孔维珖¹^,²(), 潘宇¹^,², 张金莲¹^,², 郭伟华¹^,², 赵金龙¹^,²^,^**()

¹ 中国矿业大学(北京) 应急管理与安全工程学院, 北京 100083
² 中国矿业大学(北京) 内蒙古研究院, 内蒙古鄂尔多斯 017001

收稿日期:2026-04-14 修回日期:2026-07-12 出版日期:2026-10-20
通信作者:
^** 赵金龙(1988—),男,河北承德人,博士,教授,主要从事液体火灾、电网及核电厂火灾、新能源火灾等方面的研究。E-mail: 15210567787@163.com。
作者简介:
孔维珖 (2002—),男,河北邢台人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为森林火灾防控。E-mail: kongwg2002@163.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划重点专项项目(2024YFC3016103); 国家自然科学基金民航联合研究基金资助(U2333210); 内蒙古自治区“揭榜挂帅”项目(2024JBGS0053)

Surface fire blocking effect under different pine needle bulk densities and water coverage levels

Kong Weiguang¹^,²(), Pan Yu¹^,², Zhang Jinlian¹^,², Guo Weihua¹^,², Zhao Jinlong¹^,²^,^**()

¹ School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
² Inner Mongolia Research Institute, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Ordos Inner Mongolia 017001, China

Received:2026-04-14 Revised:2026-07-12 Published:2026-10-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为评估森林灭火中隔离带的阻隔能力,以马尾松枯落松针为对象,搭建地表火蔓延试验平台,设置6组洒水覆盖水平及3种堆积密度,研究隔离带对火蔓延阻隔效果。结果表明:根据火焰蔓延过程及内部温度的分布,洒水隔离带的阻隔结果可分为阻隔成功和阻隔失效,其中,能否成功阻隔与燃料底部阴燃的传播过程密切相关。实际阻隔效果与洒水覆盖水平和燃料床堆积密度密切相关,阻隔成功的条件为洒水覆盖水平足以维持隔离带内部冷却与湿润作用,并抑制燃料床底部阴燃传播及后续复燃。覆盖水平越大,内部含水率高,能有效抑制内部阴燃传播,阻隔效果越好。当堆积密度分别为33.33、42.85和 100 kg/m³ 时,阻隔成功临界洒水覆盖水平分别为 3.0、2.0和 1.0 L/m²。燃料床堆积密度越大,阻隔效果越好,这主要是因为大堆积密度下,孔隙率小,供氧条件差。同时,燃料床堆积密度会改变火蔓延过程中火焰长度和倾角,最终影响隔离带后方的辐射强度。

关键词: 堆积密度, 洒水覆盖水平, 地表火, 阻隔效果, 松针燃烧床, 洒水隔离带

Abstract:

To evaluate the barrier effectiveness of firebreaks in forest firefighting, dead fallen needles of Pinus massoniana were used as fuel, and an experimental platform for surface fire spread was constructed. Six water coverage levels and three fuel bulk densities were set to investigate the barrier effect of firebreaks on fire spread. The results show that, based on the flame spread process and internal temperature distribution, the barrier effects of water-covered firebreaks can be categorized as successful or failed. The success of blocking is closely related to the smoldering propagation process at the bottom of the fuel bed. The actual barrier effectiveness is significantly influenced by the water coverage level and fuel bed bulk density. Successful blocking is achieved when the water coverage level is sufficient to maintain cooling and wetting within the firebreak and to suppress smoldering propagation at the bottom of the fuel bed and subsequent reignition. As the water coverage level increases, a higher moisture content is maintained within the firebreak, smoldering propagation is more effectively suppressed, and the blocking effectiveness is improved. For bulk densities of 33.33, 42.85, and 100 kg/m³, the corresponding critical water coverage levels required for successful blocking are 3.0, 2.0, and 1.0 L/m², respectively. The barrier effect is also improved by a higher fuel bed bulk density, mainly because a higher bulk density leads to lower porosity and poorer oxygen supply conditions. Meanwhile, the bulk density of the fuel bed modifies the flame length and tilt angle during fire spread, ultimately affecting the radiation intensity behind the firebreak.

Key words: bulk density, water coverage level, surface fire, barrier effectiveness, pinus massoniana litter combustion bed, water-covered firebreak

中图分类号:

X954农、林、渔业安全

孔维珖, 潘宇, 张金莲, 郭伟华, 赵金龙. 松针堆积密度与洒水覆盖水平条件下地表火阻隔效果研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2026, 36(9): 248-255.

Kong Weiguang, Pan Yu, Zhang Jinlian, Guo Weihua, Zhao Jinlong. Surface fire blocking effect under different pine needle bulk densities and water coverage levels[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2026, 36(9): 248-255.

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试验工况		覆盖水平/(L/m²)
试验工况		0.5	1.0	1.5	2.0	2.5	3.0
堆积密度/ (kg/m³)	33.33	×	×	×	×	×	√
	42.85	×	×	×	√	√	√
	100	×	√	√	√	√	√

松针堆积密度与洒水覆盖水平条件下地表火阻隔效果研究

Surface fire blocking effect under different pine needle bulk densities and water coverage levels

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