凹型结构建筑外立面火灾蔓延特性模拟研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2020.08.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究凹型结构建筑外立面挤塑聚苯乙烯(XPS)外墙保温材料的火灾蔓延特性,运用FDS火灾动态仿真模拟软件,采用大涡模拟(LES)方法建立凹型结构外立面火灾蔓延模型,总结不同防火隔离带高度和不同方向外界风情况下火焰前锋和温度变化特征,并与无风和无防火隔离带情况进行对比分析。结果表明:火焰前锋高度随时间变化呈指数关系;防火隔离带、正面风和45°向下方向的外界风均可对火灾蔓延初期起到一定的阻隔和抑制效果;为保证隔火效果,防火隔离带之间的距离不应大于3 m;而45°向上方向的风对火灾蔓延起到助推作用。

关键词: 凹型结构建筑, 挤塑聚苯乙烯(XPS), 外墙保温材料, 防火隔离带, 外界风, 火灾蔓延

Abstract: In order to explore fire propagation characteristics of XPS insulation materials on facade of concave structure buildings, a fire spreading model was established by utilizing simulation software FDS and large eddy simulation (LES) method. Then, variance of flame front and temperature for different fire-barrier belt width and directions of outside wind were summarized, and they were compared with conditions of no wind and no fire belt. The results show that flame front height varies with time in an exponential way. Fire belt, positive wind and outside wind in downward direction of 45 degrees can block and restrain fire at the beginning of its spread. In order to ensure fireproof effect, distance between fire belts should not be greater than 3 m. And wind in upward direction of 45 degrees will boost fire spread.

Key words: concave structural buildings, extruded polystyrene(XPS), external wall insulation material, fire-barrier belt, outside wind, flame spread

中图分类号:

X932

张玉涛, 张玉杰, 李亚清. 凹型结构建筑外立面火灾蔓延特性模拟研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2020, 30(8): 70-78.

ZHANG Yutao, ZHANG Yujie, LI Yaqing. Simulation study on fire propagation characteristics on facade of concave structure buildings[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2020, 30(8): 70-78.

参考文献

[1] 张玉涛, 马婷, 林姣, 等. 2007—2016年全国重特大火灾事故分析及时空分布规律[J]. 西安科技大学学报, 2017, 37(6): 829-836.
ZHANG Yutao, MA Ting, LIN Jiao, et al. Analysis of fire incidents and characteristics of spatio-temporal distributions for serious fires from 2007 to 2016 in China [J]. Journal of Xi'an University of Science and Technology, 2017, 37(6): 829-836.
[2] 程超, 黄晓家, 谢水波, 等. 智慧城市与智慧消防的发展与未来[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2018, 37(6): 841-844.
CHENG Chao, HUANG Xiaojia, XIE Shuibo, et al. The development and future of smart city and smart fire safety [J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2018, 37(6): 829-836.
[3] 杜兰萍. 正确认识当前和今后一个时期我国火灾形势仍将相当严峻的客观必然性[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2005, 24(1):1-4.
DU Lanping. The necessity to appropriately understand the fire situation in China is still serious now and in the future [J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2005, 24(1):1-4.
[4] 侯亚楠. 防火结构对溢流火作用下XPS外墙保温材料火行为的影响研究[D]. 合肥:中国科学技术大学, 2016.
HOU Ya'nan. Study on effect of fire-protection structures on fire behavior of external thermal insulation-XPS under spill flames [D]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2016.
[5] 安伟光. PS建筑外墙保温材料燃烧及火蔓延行为研究[D]. 合肥:中国科学技术大学, 2015.
AN Weiguang. Investigation of combustion and flame spread behaviors of PS insulation materials applying to building exterior wall [D]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2015.
[6] 潘晓菲. 凹型建筑外立面火灾蔓延特性数值模拟研究[D]. 淮南:安徽理工大学, 2019.
PAN Xiaofei. Study on numerical simulation study on fire spread characteristics of facade in high-rise building [D]. Huainan: Anhui University of Science and Technology, 2019.
[7] BAKHTIYARI S, TAGHI-AKBARI L, BARIKANI M. The effective parameters for reaction-to-fire properties of expanded polystyrene foams in bench scale [J]. Iranian Polymer Journal, 2010, 19(1): 27-37.
[8] SHALBAFAN A, DIETENBERGER MA, WELLING J. Fire performances of foam core particleboards continuously produced in a one-step process [J]. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products, 2013, 71(1): 49-59.
[9] 笪良军, 谢启源, 罗圣峰. 倾斜XPS板材向外多向耦合蔓延燃烧特性研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2019, 29(11): 64-70.
DA Liangjun, XIE Qiyuan, LUO Shengfeng. Study on characteristics of multi-direction coupling flame spread and combustion after central ignition of inclined XPS sheets [J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2019, 29(11): 64-70.
[10] 陈应周. 典型外墙保温材料火灾特性的微燃烧量热仪实验研究[J]. 武警学院学报, 2013, 29(8): 8-10.
CHEN Yingzhou. MCC experimental research on fire characteristics of typical thermal insulation exterior-wall materials [J]. Journal of Chinese People's Armed Police Force Academy, 2013, 29(8): 8-10.
[11] 谢飞. 常见外保温材料燃烧性能试验分析[J]. 消防科学与技术, 2014, 33(8): 870-873.
XIE Fei. Comparative analysis of fire performance of common external thermal insulation material [J]. Fire Science and Technology, 2014, 33(8): 870-873.
[12] 黄新杰. 不同外界环境下典型保温材料PS火蔓延特性规律研究[D]. 合肥:中国科学技术大学, 2011.
HUANG Xinjie. Study on flame spread characteristics of the typical external wall insulation material PS under different environments [D]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2011.
[13] 周洋. 高原环境中硬质聚氨酯和聚苯乙烯泡沫的火蔓延特性研究[D]. 合肥:中国科学技术大学, 2014.
ZHOU Yang. Study on flame spread characteristics of rigid polyurethane and polystyrene foams at a high altitude [D]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2014.
[14] 宋岩升. 基于FDS的高层建筑外墙火火势蔓延的仿真模拟[C]. 第十三届沈阳科学学术年会论文集:理工农医, 2016: 362-367.
[15] 谢云飞, 朱国庆, 张磊, 等. 外墙保温材料数值模拟研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2012, 8(3): 28-31.
XIE Yunfei, ZHU Guoqing, ZHANG Lei, et al. Study on numerical simulation of the vertical combustion characters for external wall thermal insulation materials [J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2012, 8(3): 28-31.
[16] 张威, 朱国庆, 张磊. 三种常用外墙可燃保温材料竖向燃烧特性数值模拟研究[J]. 中国安全生产科学技术, 2012, 8(1): 11-17.
ZHANG Wei, ZHU Guoqing, ZHANG Lei. Numerical investigation of the vertical combustion characters of three common external wall thermal insulation materials [J]. Journal of Safety Science and Technology, 2012, 8(1): 11-17.
[17] 章涛林, 周晓冬, 雷杲, 等. 高层建筑典型外墙保温材料火蔓延特性数值模拟研究[J]. 防灾减灾工程学报, 2012, 32(2): 230-234.
ZHANG Taolin, ZHOU Xiaodong, LEI Gao, et al. Simulation of fire spread of typical external wall insulation materials in high-rise building [J]. Journal of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Engineering, 2012, 32(2): 230-234.
[18] 张国维, 朱国庆, 黄丽丽. XPS外保温系统竖向火蔓延大涡模拟与危险性分析[J]. 应用基础与工程科学学报, 2013, 21(5): 973-982.
ZHANG Guowei, ZHU Guoqing, HUANG Lili. Large-eddy simulation and risk analysis on upward fire spread of XPS exterior insulation system [J]. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering, 2013, 21(5): 973-982.
[19] 张国维. 基于实验研究的外保温体系竖向火蔓延大涡模拟[C]. 2012中国消防协会科学技术年会论文集(上), 2012: 21-27.
[20] 张苗, 宋文华, 刘幸娜, 等. 窗口火作用下建筑幕墙外保温系统防火性能的试验[J]. 安全与环境学报, 2017, 17(1): 155-163.
ZHANG Miao, SONG Wenhua, LIU Xingna, et al. Fire resistance of external thermal insulation systems with curtain on the fire resistance of the external thermal insulation system with curtain wall under the impact of the window spill plume [J]. Journal of Safety and Environment, 2017, 17(1): 155-163.
[21] 张苗, 宋文华, 刘幸娜, 等. 防火封堵对建筑幕墙外保温系统耐火性能的影响[J]. 中国科学技术大学学报, 2015, 45(9): 784-794.
ZHANG Miao, SONG Wenhua, LIU Xingna, et al. Effect of fireproof clogging on combustion resistant property of external thermal insulation systems with curtain walls [J]. Journal of University of Science and Technology of China, 2015,45(9): 784-794.
[22] 张苗, 刘幸娜, 陈阵, 等. 辐射强度对建筑典型外保温材料燃烧性能影响的试验研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2013, 23(12): 42-47.
ZHANG Miao, LIU Xingna, CHEN Zhen, et al. Experimental study on effects of radiation intensity on combustion properties of typical external insulation materials [J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2013, 23(12): 42-47.
[23] GB/T 29416—2012, 建筑外墙外保温系统的防火性能试验方法[S].
GB/T 29416-2012, Test method for fire-resistant performance of external wall insulation systems applied to building facades[S].
[24] British Standard BS. 8414-1: 2002, Fire performance of external cladding systems-part, 1[S].
[25] AN Weiguang, SUN Jinhua, LIEW K M, et al. Flammability and safety design of thermal insulation materials comprising PS foams and fire barrier materials [J]. Materials & Design, 2016: 99: 500-508.
[26] GB 50016—2014, 建筑设计防火规范(2018年版)[S].
GB 50016-2014, Code for fire protection design of buildings (2018ed)[S].
[27] NFPA 204 M-2018, Standard of smoke and heat venting [S].
[28] 孟庆璇. 开孔工况下外墙保温材料竖向燃烧特性实验研究[D]. 徐州:中国矿业大学, 2019.
MENG Qingxuan. Experimental study on vertical combustion characteristics of external wall insulation materials under open-hole condition [D]. Xuzhou: China University of Mining and Technology, 2019.
[29] 柳爱静. 风作用下聚苯乙烯保温材料逆流火蔓延行为研究[D]. 合肥:中国科学技术大学, 2016.
LIU Aijing. The study of wind effect on flame spread behavior of polystyrene insulation materials [D]. Hefei: University of Science and Technology of China, 2016.