邮轮火灾动态蔓延情况下的最优疏散路径规划

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.01.0246

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解决邮轮火灾应急疏散过程中,由于邮轮内部结构复杂、通道狭窄、人流量大导致人员难以短时间安全疏散的问题,应用基于火灾蔓延预测数据的A^*算法求解邮轮火灾的人员疏散路径。首先,根据SAFEGUARD项目中的邮轮数据建立二维网络拓扑结构,定义网络中节点的CO体积分数、烟雾可见度和温度3类指标的阈值,并基于火灾发生的地点和程度,模拟火灾动态蔓延的情况,实时判定疏散网络中各个节点的危险状况;然后,结合火灾蔓延的实时数据改进A^*算法,并求解人员的最优疏散路径;最后,使用同一邮轮作为模拟人员疏散的场景,模拟邮轮火灾动态蔓延情况下的人员疏散过程,分析人员疏散路径的可行性。结果表明:改进后的A^*算法所求路径能成功绕开网络中受火灾影响较大的危险节点,同时疏散规模为700人的时间比使用基本A^*算法所求的疏散时间缩短50%。

关键词: 邮轮火灾, 应急疏散, 路径规划, 火灾蔓延, A^*算法

Abstract:

In order to solve the problem that it is difficult for people to evacuate safely in a short time due to the complexity of the internal structure of the cruise ship, narrow passage and large flow of people during the emergency evacuation process of cruise fire, A^* algorithm based on fire spread prediction data was applied to solve the evacuation path of cruise fire. First, a two-dimensional network topology was established according to the cruise data in the SAFEGUARD project. The thresholds of three indicators, namely CO volume fraction, smoke visibility and temperature, of nodes in the network were defined. The dynamic spread of fire based on the location and degree of fire was simulated, and the danger of each node in the evacuation network was determined in real-time. Then, combined with the real-time data of fire spread, the A^* algorithm was improved and the optimal evacuation path was solved. Finally, the same cruise ship was used as a scene to simulate the evacuation process under the dynamic spread of cruise fire to analyze the feasibility of the evacuation path. The results show that the path obtained by the improved A^* algorithm can successfully bypass the dangerous nodes in the network that are greatly affected by fire, and the evacuation time for 700 people is 50% shorter than that obtained by the basic A^* algorithm.

Key words: cruise ship fire, emergency evacuation, path planning, fire spread, A^* algorithm

张华军, 刘洋, 朱震宇, 陈泊宇, 闫密, 罗欣. 邮轮火灾动态蔓延情况下的最优疏散路径规划[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(1): 183-190.

ZHANG Huajun, LIU Yang, ZHU Zhenyu, CHEN Boyu, YAN Mi, LUO Xin. Optimal evacuation path planning under dynamic spreading of cruise ship fire[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(1): 183-190.

图/表 14

图1

图2

图3

表1

图4

表2

表3

表4

图5

表5

火灾到达所有节点所需时间

节点i	$D i$ /s	节点i	$D i$ /s
0	88	12	Null
1	89	13	Null
2	94	14	Null
3	102	15	Null
4	97	16	Null
5	Null	17	Null
6	0	18	Null
7	94	19	Null
8	Null	20	Null
9	123	21	Null
10	Null	22	Null
11	130	—	—

表5

表6

图6

图7

图8

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性别	年龄/ 岁	身高/ m	体质量/ kg	速度/ (m·s^-1)
男	20~30	1.7	60	1.5
女	20~30	1.6	52	1.35
男	31~40	1.7	60	1.35
女	31~40	1.6	52	1.22
男	41~50	1.69	60.5	1.22
女	41~50	1.59	52.5	1.10
男	51~60	1.68	61	1.10
女	51~60	1.58	53	1.00

CO体积分数/%	人体反应症状
0.05	暴露1 h对人体影响不大
0.1	暴露1 h不舒服
0.5	20~30 min后有死亡危险
1.0	1~2 min后死亡

环境温度/℃	人的忍受时间/min
50	>60
70	60
[100, 130]	15
[200, 250]	5

烟雾可见度/m	对人员逃生速度的影响
[0, 0.6]	极高
(0.6, 3)	较高
[3, +∞)	无影响

节点i	最优路径	疏散时间/s
0	[0, 2, 3, 7, 11, 15, 13, 14]	83.7
1	[1, 3, 7, 11, 15, 13, 14]	74.1
2	[2, 3, 7, 11, 15, 13, 14]	77.5
3	[3, 7, 11, 15, 13, 14]	69
4	[4, 0, 2, 3, 7, 11, 15, 13, 14]	93.5
5	[5, 4, 0, 2, 3, 7, 11, 15, 13, 14]	98.7
6	[6, 9, 13, 14]	48.4
7	[7, 11, 15, 13, 14]	58.9
8	[8, 7, 11, 15, 13, 14]	62.9
9	[9, 13, 14]	14.4
10	[10, 9, 13, 14]	19.2
11	[11, 15, 13, 14]	24.9
12	[12, 11, 15, 13, 14]	29.7
13	[13, 14]	6.8
14	[14]	0
15	[15, 13, 14]	17.3
16	[16, 13, 14]	26.2
17	[17, 16, 13, 14]	34.1
18	[18, 17, 16, 13, 14]	60.6
19	[19, 18, 17, 16, 13, 14]	68.9
20	[20, 19, 18, 17, 16, 13, 14]	95.6
21	[21, 18, 17, 16, 13, 14]	92.6
22	[22, 15, 13, 14]	22.1