深井铸造熔融铝泄漏遇水爆炸破坏影响研究

doi:10.16265/j.cnki.issn1003-3033.2023.S1.0082

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为深入理解熔融铝液遇水爆炸的机制,量化爆炸引发的破坏影响,从物理蒸汽爆炸和化学氧化反应爆炸引起的超压破坏,以及爆炸碎片飞行距离3个方面分别建立数据模型和计算分析,详细阐述不同计算量的熔融铝液遇水反应爆炸引发的超压破坏所造成的人员和建筑物损害,讨论不同抛射角度下爆炸碎片飞出距离所产生的影响范围,从而更加直观的认识爆炸带来的破坏影响。研究结果表明:熔融铝液遇水发生爆炸事故中,破坏性最大的是化学爆炸,其次是物理爆炸,最后是由爆炸引起的碎片抛射;且在相同的抛射初速度下,碎片以30°的抛射角飞出的水平距离最远。

关键词: 熔融铝液, 物理爆炸, 化学反应, 超压破坏, 爆炸碎片

Abstract:

In order to deeply understand the mechanism of the explosion of molten aluminum liquid in contact with water and quantify the damage influence caused by the explosion, data models and calculation analysis were established in terms of the overpressure damage caused by physical steam explosion and chemical oxidation reaction explosion and the flight distance of explosion fragments. The damage to personnel and buildings caused by the overpressure damage due to the explosion of molten aluminum liquid in contact with water under different calculated amounts was described in detail, and the influence range related to the flight distance of explosion fragments under different ejection angles was discussed, so as to more intuitively understand the damage influence caused by the explosion. The results show that the chemical explosion is the most destructive, followed by the physical explosion and the fragment ejection caused by the explosion during the explosion of molten aluminum in contact with water. At the same initial velocity of the ejection, the farthest horizontal distance of the fragment is achieved at the ejection angle of 30°.

Key words: molten aluminum liquid, physical explosion, chemical reaction, overpressure damage, explosion fragment

刘杰, 王壬. 深井铸造熔融铝泄漏遇水爆炸破坏影响研究[J]. 中国安全科学学报, 2023, 33(S1): 105-111.

LIU Jie, WANG Ren. Study on damage influence of explosion caused by molten aluminum leakage in deep well casting with water[J]. China Safety Science Journal, 2023, 33(S1): 105-111.

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铝质量m/ kg	参与反应的量/%	起爆点超压/ MPa	距爆炸中心3 m 处超压ΔP'/MPa
2 000	100	31.98	1.04
2 000	20	6.40	0.21
1 000	100	15.94	0.47
1 000	20	3.19	0.09
500	100	7.92	0.18
500	20	1.58	0.04

超压ΔP/MPa	伤害程度
0.02~0.03	轻微损伤
0.03~0.05	听觉器官损伤,内脏轻微出血,骨折
0.05~0.10	内脏严重损伤,可引起死亡
>0.10	大部分人员死亡

超压ΔP/MPa	损坏程度
0.005~0.006	门窗玻璃部分破碎
0.006~0.01	受压面的门窗玻璃大部分破碎
0.015~0.02	窗框损坏
0.02~0.03	墙裂缝
0.04~0.05	墙大裂缝,屋瓦掉下
0.06~0.07	木建筑厂房房柱折断,房架松动
0.07~0.10	砖墙倒塌
0.10~0.20	防震钢筋混凝土破坏,小房屋倒塌
0.20~0.30	大型钢架结构破坏

化学反应	1 kg铝参与反应		2 000 kg铝参与反应		1 000 kg铝参与反应		500 kg铝参与反应
化学反应	Q'/kJ	q/kg	Q'/kJ	q/kg	Q'/kJ	q/kg	Q'/kJ	q/kg
反应1	1.52×10⁴	3.37	3.04×10⁷	6.74×10³	1.52×10⁷	3.37×10³	7.6×10⁶	1.69×10³
反应2	1.58×10⁴	3.52	3.16×10⁷	7.04×10³	1.58×10⁷	3.52×10³	7.9×10⁶	1.76×10³
反应3	1.2×10⁴	2.67	2.4×10⁷	5.34×10³	1.2×10⁷	2.67×10³	6.0×10⁶	1.34×10³
反应4	2.5×10⁴	5.75	5.0×10⁷	11.5×10³	2.5×10⁷	5.75×10³	1.25×10⁷	2.87×10³

化学反应	1 kg铝参与反应		2 000 kg铝参与反应		1 000 kg铝参与反应		500 kg铝参与反应
化学反应	Q'/kJ	q/kg	Q'/kJ	q/kg	Q'/kJ	q/kg	Q'/kJ	q/kg
反应1	1.52×10⁴	3.37	6.08×10⁶	1.35×10³	3.04×10⁶	6.74×10²	1.52×10⁶	3.38×10²
反应2	1.58×10⁴	3.52	6.32×10⁶	1.41×10³	3.16×10⁶	7.04×10²	1.58×10⁶	3.52×10²
反应3	1.2×10⁴	2.67	4.80×10⁶	1.07×10³	2.4×10⁶	5.34×10²	1.2×10⁶	2.68×10²
反应4	2.5×10⁴	5.75	1.00×10⁷	2.3×10³	5.0×10⁶	1.15×10³	2.50×10⁶	5.74×10²